The use of ionizing radiation as a motivating stimulus.

García, John; Kimeldorf, Donald J.; Hunt, Edward Livingston

doi:10.1037/h0038361

Cited by 158 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…When a rat ingests a novel food substance and is then made siek, it subsequently tends to avoid that food (Garcia, Kimeldorf, & Hunt, 1961). Such food aversions have been found for foods varying from lab chow (Garcia et al, 1961) to grape juice (Revusky & Bedarf, 1966) and have been produced by methods of inducing sickness ranging from X-irradiation (Garcia et al, 1961) to injection of insulin (Lovett, Goodchild, & Booth, 1968) and lithium chloride (Nachman, 1968).…”

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confidence: 99%

Rat’s aversion to flavors following induced illness

Hargrave

Bolles

1971

Psychon Sci

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confidence: 99%

Rat’s aversion to flavors following induced illness

Hargrave

Bolles

1971

Psychon Sci

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“…In studies of taste-aversion learning using rats as subjects, a general finding has been that associations between exteroceptive events and nausea are difficult to establish, at least in comparison to taste-nausea associations (Garcia, Kimeldorf, & Hunt, 1961;Garcia & Koelling, 1966;Green, Holmstrom, & Wollman, 1974). Thus, when exteroceptive cues have been paired with illness, subsequent water intake in the presence of these cues has been suppressed very little (Domjan & Wilson, 1972;Garcia & Koelling, 1967;Garcia, McGowan, Ervin, & Koelling, 1968).…”

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Role of exteroceptive background context in taste-aversion conditioning and extinction

Archer

Sjödén

Nilsson

et al. 1979

Animal Learning & Behavior

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In two experiments, saccharin (CS) and lithium chloride (US) were paired in a context consisting of specific visual, auditory, tactual, and olfactory cues. The saccharin aversion was then extinguished in a context free from conditioning-context cues. Later, saccharin preference tests were given in the presence and absence of these cues. The results indicated that the background cues of the conditioning trial controlled the amount of saccharin drunk on extinction trials, and, furthermore, that extinction of the taste aversion was context specific; i.e., groups given extinction trials in a different (from conditioning] context retained their saccharin aversion in the conditioning context only. The results indicate an important role played by the exteroceptive context in taste-aversion conditioning.

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“…In these studies the rat was found to be extremely sensitive to low dose, short duration, whole-body exposure (26); the motivational effect was shown to be independent of direct retinal stimulation (27), and the abdominal region was found to be preferentially sensitive (28). It was concluded that the motivational effects of irradiation were probably produced through humoral mediation and result from radiation effects produced in non-nervous tissues (24). A direct action of radiation on the nervous system, however, could not 2 be ruled out.…”

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confidence: 94%

“…In a number of investigations, recently reviewed (24,25), radiation exposure has been employed as the motivating stimulus in conditioning several species to avoid a gustatory stimulus or to avoid spatial stimuli. In these studies the rat was found to be extremely sensitive to low dose, short duration, whole-body exposure (26); the motivational effect was shown to be independent of direct retinal stimulation (27), and the abdominal region was found to be preferentially sensitive (28).…”

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confidence: 99%