The use of karst geomorphology for planning, hazard avoidance and development in Great Britain

Cooper, Anthony H.; Farrant, Andrew; Price, S.J.

doi:10.1016/j.geomorph.2011.06.004

Cited by 44 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Developed at a scale of 1:50,000, this data set provides information about potential natural ground movement resulting from collapsible deposits, compressible ground, landslides (GIBSON et al 2013), running sand, shrinkswell (HARRISON et al 2012) and soluble rocks (COOPER et al 2011). Susceptibility is classified using an A (lowest) to E (highest) rating for each of these six geohazard types (BGS 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural and Anthropogenic Geohazards in Greater London Observed from Geological and ERS-1/2 and ENVISAT Persistent Scatterers Ground Motion Data: Results from the EC FP7-SPACE PanGeo Project

Cigna

Jordan

Bateson

et al. 2014

Pure Appl. Geophys.

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Abstract-We combine geological data and ground motion estimates from satellite ERS-1/2 and ENVISAT persistent scatterer interferometry (PSI) to delineate areas of observed natural and anthropogenic geohazards in the administrative area of Greater London (United Kingdom). This analysis was performed within the framework of the EC FP7-SPACE PanGeo project, and by conforming to the interpretation and geohazard mapping methodology extensively described in the Production Manual (cf. http://www. pangeoproject.eu). We discuss the results of the generation of the PanGeo digital geohazard mapping product for Greater London, and analyse the potential of PSI, geological data and the PanGeo methodology to identify areas of observed geohazards. Based on the analysis of PSI ground motion data sets for the years 1992-2000 and 2002-2010 and geology field campaigns, we identify 25 geohazard polygons, covering a total of *650 km 2 . These include not only natural processes such as compaction of deposits on the River Thames flood plain and slope instability, but also anthropogenic instability due to groundwater management and changes in the Chalk aquifer, recent engineering works such as those for the Jubilee Line Extension project and electricity tunnelling in proximity to the River Thames, and the presence of made ground. In many instances, natural and anthropogenic observed geohazards overlap, therefore indicating interaction of different processes over the same areas. In terms of ground area covered, the dominant geohazard is anthropogenic land subsidence caused by groundwater abstraction for a total of *300 km 2 , followed by natural compression of River Thames sediments over *105 km 2 . Observed ground motions along the satellite line-of-sight are as high as ?29.5 and -25.3 mm/year, and indicate a combination of land surface processes comprising ground subsidence and uplift, as well as downslope movements. Across the areas of observed geohazards, urban land cover types from the Copernicus (formerly GMES) EEA European Urban Atlas, e.g., continuous and discontinuous urban fabric and industrial units, show the highest average velocities away from the satellite sensor, and the smallest standard deviations (*0.7-1.0 mm/year). More rural land cover types such as agricultural, semi-natural and green areas reveal the highest spatial variability (up to *4.4 mm/year), thus suggesting greater heterogeneity of observed motion rates within these land cover types. Areas of observed motion in the PSI data for which a geological interpretation cannot be found with sufficient degree of certainty are also identified, and their possible causes discussed. Although present in Greater London, some geohazard types such as shrink-swell clays and ground dissolution are not highlighted by the interpretation of PSI annual motion rates. Reasons for absence of evidence of the latter in the PSI data are discussed, together with difficulties related to the identification of good radar scatterers in landsliding areas.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural and Anthropogenic Geohazards in Greater London Observed from Geological and ERS-1/2 and ENVISAT Persistent Scatterers Ground Motion Data: Results from the EC FP7-SPACE PanGeo Project

Cigna

Jordan

Bateson

et al. 2014

Pure Appl. Geophys.

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“…Currently there is an acceleration in the desire to install ground-source heat pumps. The presence of sulfate-rich water and the likelihood of enhanced dissolution mean that within the gypsum belt only closed-loop systems should be considered (Cooper et al, 2011).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Sulfate-Rich Springs and Groundwater in the Formation of Sinkholes over Gypsum in Eastern England

Cooper

Odling

Murphy

et al. 2013

Full Proceedings of the Thirteenth Multidisciplinary Conference on Sinkholes and the Engineering and Environmental Impacts of K

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These gypsiferous sequences are both underlain by dolomite or dolomitic limestone aquifers ( Figure 2). AbstractHeavily karstified gypsum and dolomite aquifers occur in the Permian (Zechstein Group) of Eastern England. Here rapid active gypsum dissolution causes subsidence and abundant sinkholes affect an approximately 140-km by 3-km area from Darlington, through Ripon to Doncaster. The topography and easterly dip of the strata feed artesian water through the dolomite up into the overlying gypsum sequences. The shallow-circulating groundwater emerges as sulfate-rich springs with temperatures between 9-12 o C, many emanating from sinkholes that steam and do not freeze in the winter (such as Hell Kettles, Darlington). Water also circulates from the east through the overlying Triassic sandstone aquifer. Calcareous tufa deposits and tufa-cemented gravels also attest to the passage and escape of this groundwater.The sizes of the sinkholes, their depth and that of the associated breccia pipes are controlled by the thickness of gypsum that can dissolve and by the bulking factors associated with the collapsed rocks. The presence of sulfate-rich water affects the local potability of the supply. Groundwater abstraction locally aggravates the subsidence problems, both by active dissolution and drawdown. Furthermore, the gypsum and dolomite karstification has local implications for the installation of ground-source heat pumps. The sulfate-rich springs show where active subsidence is expected; their presence along with records of subsidence can inform planning and development of areas requiring mitigation measures.

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“…In Apulia, caves with the potential to propagate upward as well as underground quarries (tunnels), which may now be abandoned and forgotten in the midst of urban expansion, represent a significant risk [68]. The karst geohazard is being monitoring in the UK, for instance, using digital map data (bedrock and superficial deposits) in conjunction with digital elevation slope models, etc., by the British Geological Survey to derive a database used to assess subsidence in karst regions (of limestone, dolomite, chalk, gypsum, and salt) [69]. This database can be accessed using GIS to address specific problems, for example sustainable drainage systems.…”

Section: Current Solutions Detection and Monitoringmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This database can be accessed using GIS to address specific problems, for example sustainable drainage systems. Soak-aways and open loop ground source (heating and cooling) pump systems, in particular, can cause ground instability in karst areas [69]. Changing groundwater levels in Dzershinsk, Russia led to the formation of suffosion sinkholes, which were likewise assessed using GIS in an aggregated dataset [70].…”

Section: Current Solutions Detection and Monitoringmentioning

confidence: 99%

Part 1: Contemporary Challenges and Current Solutions in Sinkhole Occurrence and Mitigation

Mj¹

2017

J Geol Geophys

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This review considers the current literature on sinkhole formation and occurrence. It incorporates several examples from around the world in order to gain a broader geographical scope on the problem. Challenges associated with sinkholes center around atmospheric acidification (pollution) and the formation of dissolution sinkholes. In addition, urbanization and its imposed changes on surface drainage as well as aquifer contamination also bear upon this geohazard. Solutions have been grasped through the deployment of geophysical techniques, in particular GPR. Engineering solutions are presented and critically discussed. Preventative planning based on early detection (through geophysical, GIS and multivariate analysis plus modeling, and possibly remote sensing techniques) are among the most effective available solutions. More research is needed to investigate the effects of increasing surface temperatures and interactions (synergies) with pollution.

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The use of karst geomorphology for planning, hazard avoidance and development in Great Britain

Cited by 44 publications

References 42 publications

Natural and Anthropogenic Geohazards in Greater London Observed from Geological and ERS-1/2 and ENVISAT Persistent Scatterers Ground Motion Data: Results from the EC FP7-SPACE PanGeo Project

Natural and Anthropogenic Geohazards in Greater London Observed from Geological and ERS-1/2 and ENVISAT Persistent Scatterers Ground Motion Data: Results from the EC FP7-SPACE PanGeo Project

The Role of Sulfate-Rich Springs and Groundwater in the Formation of Sinkholes over Gypsum in Eastern England

Part 1: Contemporary Challenges and Current Solutions in Sinkhole Occurrence and Mitigation

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