The Use of Ketamine Hydrochloride Anaesthesia for Radiotherapy in Young Children

Bennett, Joel A.; Bullimore, J.

doi:10.1093/bja/45.2.197

Cited by 48 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…anesthesia may be required for simulation and treat ment. Retrospective reviews have shown ketamine to be a reliable agent with a low incidence of side effects [77], Menache et al [78] have shown sodium thiopental to be tolerated even with twice daily treatment. Possible se lective radioprotective effects of phénobarbital on the CNS have raised interest in the use of this agent, although concern over cardiac and respiratory depression remains [79], Cerrobend blocks, cut individually for each patient, decrease radiation to surrounding structures.…”

Section: Practical Considerations To Reduce Long-and Short-term Complmentioning

confidence: 99%

Short- and Long-Term Complications of Radiation Therapy for Pediatric Brain Tumors

Donahue

1992

Pediatr Neurosurg

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Brain tumors are the second most common malignancy of childhood after acute lymphocytic leukemia. Improvements in therapy have led to increased survival. It is estimated that by the year 2000 there will be approximately 200,000 survivors of childhood cancer. A proportion of these will have survived a central nervous system malignancy. As more children survive, complications of treatment are increasingly recognized. This paper reviews the spectrum of radiation-induced complications, both short- and long-term. Their frequency and characteristics will be reviewed as well as suggestions made to decrease their incidence.

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Section: Practical Considerations To Reduce Long-and Short-term Complmentioning

confidence: 99%

Short- and Long-Term Complications of Radiation Therapy for Pediatric Brain Tumors

Donahue

1992

Pediatr Neurosurg

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“…Ketamine is often used in the anaesthesia of children (Roberts, 1967) particularly when repeated anaesthesia is required such as for the dressing of burns (Roberts, 1967;Corssen & Oget, 1971) and the radiotherapy of tumours (Cronin, Bonsfield, Hewett, McLellan & Boulton, 1972;Bennett & Bullimore, 1973). The possibility that tolerance might develop to repeated doses of the drug was suggested by the work of Bree, Feller & Corssen (1967) in monkeys and clinically by Bjarnsen & Corssen (1967) in patients given ketamine on more than eight occasions and by Bennett & Bullimore (1973) in seven out of ten children given ketamine repeatedly over several weeks .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The possibility that tolerance might develop to repeated doses of the drug was suggested by the work of Bree, Feller & Corssen (1967) in monkeys and clinically by Bjarnsen & Corssen (1967) in patients given ketamine on more than eight occasions and by Bennett & Bullimore (1973) in seven out of ten children given ketamine repeatedly over several weeks . Cronin et al (1972) also recorded the need to increase the dose of ketamine in order to produce adequate sedation in a 6 month old baby after the sixth dose of the drug.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Development of Tolerance to Ketamine in Rats and the Significance of Hepatic Metabolism

Livingston¹,

Waterman²

1978

British J Pharmacology

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1 A decrease in sleeping time in rats pretreated with ten daily doses of ketamine compared to controls is shown. 2 This decrease in sleeping time is associated with a more rapid decrease in circulating and brain levels of ketamine and its N-demethylated metabolite and higher levels of the subsequent oxidation metabolite in the pretreated animals. 3 Metabolism of ketamine to its N-demethylated metabolite by liver homogenates in vitro was more rapid when the livers were obtained from ketamine pretreated rats. 4 Microsomal preparations from rat liver were capable of metabolizing ketamine to its N-demethylated metabolite and this metabolite to the subsequent oxidation metabolite in vitro. The V.. and Km for the first reaction calculated from loss of substrate were 433 mol mg-' protein h-1 and 0.133 mm respectively and 199 nmol mg-' protein h-1 and 0.121 mm for the second reaction. 5The results indicate that tolerance to ketamine in rats is associated with increased hepatic metabolism which can also be demonstrated in vitro in liver homogenates.

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“…Ketamine may be used as an agent for clinical neuro-resuscitation or for anesthesia in neurosurgery. In addition, it is used as a repeat anesthetic agent in several clinical conditions, for example, in children undergoing radiotherapeutic procedures, and for anesthesia in difficult circumstances, such as patients with burns [30,31]. In these clinical situations, ketamine should be used in combination with other agents, such as barbiturates and/or benzodiazepines.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dose-dependent effects of repeated ketamine administration on muscarinic acetylcholine receptors in the mouse forebrain

Hitomi¹,

Morita

Saito

et al. 1995

J Anesth

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To study the effects of repeated ketamine administration (0: saline, 12.5, 25, and 50 mg·kg every 3 days for a total of five times, subcutaneously) on the central muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAchRs), receptor binding assays of mAchR were carried out in the forebrain of mice, using [H]quinuclidinyl benzilate ([H]QNB) as a ligand. We also examined whether repeated ketamine administration could modify the sensitivity to scopolamine (0.5 mg·kg) (a muscarinic antagonist). Repeated ketamine administration produced a significant increase in the receptor density values (Bmax) for [H]QNB (1520±51 fmol·mg protein for the control group, 1650±43 for the 12.5 mg·kg group, 1966±70 for the 25 mg·kg group and 2064±125 for the 50 mg·kg group) (P<0.05, when the 25 mg·kg and 50 mg·kg groups were compared to the control group) without any change in apparent affinity. Repeated ketamine reduced scopolamine-induced hyperlocomotion at 50 mg·kg (P<0.05). We conclude that repeated ketamine administration produces up-regulation of mAchRs, which is probably associated with the altered Ach transmission of the central nervous system.

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The Use of Ketamine Hydrochloride Anaesthesia for Radiotherapy in Young Children

Cited by 48 publications

References 4 publications

Short- and Long-Term Complications of Radiation Therapy for Pediatric Brain Tumors

Short- and Long-Term Complications of Radiation Therapy for Pediatric Brain Tumors

The Development of Tolerance to Ketamine in Rats and the Significance of Hepatic Metabolism

Dose-dependent effects of repeated ketamine administration on muscarinic acetylcholine receptors in the mouse forebrain

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