The Use of Ketamine or Etomidate to Supplement Sufentanil/N2O Anesthesia Does Not Disrupt Monitoring of Myogenic Transcranial Motor Evoked Responses

Effect of Low-Dose Ketamine on Voltage Requirement for Transcranial Electrical Motor Evoked Potentials in Children

“…Bolus administration of 0.5 mg/kg ketamine did not affect transcranial electrical MEP amplitude or latency during opioid/nitrous oxide anesthesia and partial neuromuscular block in patients undergoing spinal instrumentation. 14 Ghaly and Jam studied the effect of ketamine administered incrementally in doses of 5 mg/kg up to a cumulative dose of 50 mg/kg on the motor-evoked response to transcranial magnetic stimulation in primates. 15 They found that MEP amplitude and latency were depressed by cumulative doses of 20 mg/kg and 35 mg/kg, respectively, which are much greater than doses used for sedation or maintenance of anesthesia in humans.…”

Intraoperative spinal cord monitoring of motor function with myogenic motor evoked potentials: a consideration in anesthesia

“…Ubags et al [32] reported that 0.5 mg·kg Ϫ1 ketamine did not significantly change MEPs induced by transcranial electrical stimulation in patients undergoing spine surgery. Kalkman et al [33] demonstrated that 1 mg·kg Ϫ1 ketamine did not cause significant alterations of magnetic MEPs in human volunteers.…”

“…Ketamine has been reported to have little effect on MEPs [32][33][34][35]. Ubags et al [32] reported that 0.5 mg·kg Ϫ1 ketamine did not significantly change MEPs induced by transcranial electrical stimulation in patients undergoing spine surgery.…”

Noxious stimuli do not modify myogenic motor evoked potentials by electrical stimulation during anesthesia with propofol-based anesthesia

“…[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10] Therefore, anesthetic concentrations are generally not modified when MEP monitoring is used. In addition, these anesthetics are usually used at relatively low doses, and patients undergoing intraoperative MEP monitoring often demonstrate symptoms of light anesthesia in response to noxious stimuli during surgery.…”

“…In addition, these anesthetics are usually used at relatively low doses, and patients undergoing intraoperative MEP monitoring often demonstrate symptoms of light anesthesia in response to noxious stimuli during surgery. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10] Ideally, anesthesia for intraoperative MEP monitoring should not inhibit MEP monitoring and, simultaneously, should provide adequate anesthesia in response to surgical stimuli.…”