The Use of Logging Machinery Sets in the Republic of Bashkortostan

Abstract

The disintegration of the integrated logging enterprises, as well as of the forestry enterprises and the reduced attention of the authorities to the production of specialized machinery and equipment, the logging production process, have led to a decline in the equipment of the logging enterprises with specialized machinery and the effective organization of their operation. Small, privately owned, poorly equipped with machinery logging companies have emerged. Practically we reverted to the technology of the 1960s. Foreign chainsaws are used for felling, delimbing and crosscutting. The skidding operation practically uses general-purpose tractors of МТЗ-80(82) type with the simplest technological equipment – a set of chokers. Some of the larger companies use foreign harvesters and forwarders. According to our research, forestry farms of the Republic of Bashkortostan are in a similar position. In order to increase the level of equipment and improve the organization of its work at the enterprises of the Republic of Bashkortostan we have considered and proposed for use a number of machinery sets. However, practice shows that it is not enough to acquire and equip the production with modern machinery and equipment. A production process must be set up to ensure the effective operation of these machines. Logging as a complex, multi-operated, discrete process can be carried out using a variety of technologies. The most common technology nowadays is the logging and hauling of assortments, for which various harvesting machines and equipment can be used. For the effective operation, harvesting machines performing individual operations are combined into machinery sets. However, current practice shows that it is not possible to match machines and equipment with the same or slightly different capacities. Therefore, the output of such sets is usually equal to, or even lower than, the output of the operation with the lowest capacity. In order to increase the output of the machinery set to the output of the leading machine (the machine with the highest capacity), it is necessary to calculate the modes of operation of machines for specific operating conditions. There are five sets of logging machines offered. The costs that the use of each of them will require are calculated. On the basis of the obtained data it is concluded that in the conditions of the Republic of Bashkortostan it is most economically feasible to use the following set: chainsaw for felling, choker tractor for skidding, two chainsaws for delimbing and crosscutting, lumber carrier for hauling.