The use of magnetic resonance imaging in the evaluation of upper airway structures in paediatric obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Patini, Romeo; Arrica, Mariantonietta; Stasio, Enrico Di; Gallenzi, Patrizia; Cordaro, Massimo

doi:10.1259/dmfr.20160136

Cited by 22 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Reduction in airway volume is a risk factor for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Patini, R. et al, confirmed that children with OSA could undergo MRI assessment to effectively analyze the tonsil and airway patterns [20]. This is supported by the finding that airway stenosis is observed at the level of the velopharynx and oropharynx in many patients with OSA [21][22][23][24][25][26].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Application of Computational Fluid Dynamics Analysis after Bimaxillary Orthognathic Surgery

et al. 2020

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Bimaxillary orthognathic surgery is widely used to treat skeletal class III malocclusion. Changes in jaw position affect the shape of surrounding soft tissues. We used computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation to observe changes in airways observed in a patient who underwent bimaxillary orthognathic surgery. For CFD simulation, we performed cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) preoperatively (T0), 3 days postoperatively (T1), and 7 months postoperatively (T2). The values of velocity, pressure drop (ΔP), and wall shear stress all increased 7 months after surgery (Vmax 7.038 m/s to 12.054 m/s, ΔP −7.723 Pa to −53.739 Pa, WSSmax 4.214 Pa to 14.323 Pa). Locations where the velocity and pressure gradients are large included the velopharynx, oropharynx, and epiglottis, with narrow cross-sectional areas. Wall shear stress was also observed at these locations. The velopharynx, oropharynx, and epiglottis are structures most vulnerable to morphological changes, that is, they can easily become obstructed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Application of Computational Fluid Dynamics Analysis after Bimaxillary Orthognathic Surgery

et al. 2020

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“…Lee et al [21] investigated the use of CT for evaluating masseter muscle changes following orthognathic surgery; even though this method can be considered as the one giving the most well-defined images of muscular structures it should be avoided in a population of growing subjects for ethical reasons. In fact, as demonstrated by some authors [37] MRI is effective in showing soft components of head and neck region, but its application is currently limited to the study of masticatory activity and there is no evidence of its use during orthodontic treatment [38,39].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrasonographic Evaluation of The Effects of Orthodontic or Functional Orthopaedic Treatment on Masseter Muscles: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

et al. 2019

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Objectives: This review investigated the effects of orthodontic or functional orthopedic therapy on masseter muscle thickness through the use of ultrasonography (US) in growing subjects when compared with untreated subjects. Materials and Methods: This review systematically assessed studies that investigated growing subjects undergoing orthopedic therapy for the correction of malocclusion of vertical, sagittal and transversal plane. Electronic databases (CENTRAL, MEDLINE-PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science) were searched up to February 2019, including available RCTs and CCTs, without language restrictions. The primary outcome was the effect of orthopedic or functional treatment on masseter muscle thickness. The risk of bias of included studies was assessed through the Newcastle-Ottawa quality assessment scale with the aim of defining their methodological quality. A random-effects meta-analysis analyzing mean differences with 95% confidence intervals was used for quantitative analysis. Results: The search retrieved 749 titles, but the studies selection resulted in a final sample of 5 CCTs. The studies retrieved data from 233 children (age range: 5–22 years) and were conducted at university dental clinics. Children were treated for Class II malocclusion, increased vertical dimension or lateral cross-bite variably with rapid or slow maxillary expansion, twin block, bite block, mandibular activators, quad helix, alone or in combination. Risk of bias was assessed as medium for three studies, low for one and high for another. The meta-analysis determined that at the end of orthopedic or functional treatment masseter muscle thickness, measured through the use of US, is significantly reduced (MD −0.79 mm; 95% CI −1.28 to −0.31). The reduction in muscle thickness, therefore, could be considered an indicator for the evaluation of the success of therapy with orthodontic appliances. Conclusions: Although the meta-analysis revealed that US could be considered a less invasive and effective method to evaluate the masseter muscle thickness, single-blinded RCTs, are required to confirm US reliability in this field of application. This review was registered on PROSPERO with the following registration number: CRD42018068402.

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“…Constantly wearing the aligners, a slight modification of the vertical dimension could have beneficial effect also in the intra-articular compression, even with a repositioning of the joint ( 8 ). Positive effects are also reported in patients affected by obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome whose diagnosis is even more complex in the event of a decrease of the vertical dimension ( 9 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clear aligners effects on aesthetics: evaluation of facial wrinkles

Patini¹,

Gallenzi²,

Meuli³

et al. 2018

J Clin Exp Dent

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BackgroundTo evaluate the facial aesthetic effects of orthodontic treatment performed with clear aligners and to compare it to an untreated control group, on lower third facial ageing in adult patients through the use of the Wrinkle Severity Rating Scale (WSRS) at the beginning (T0) and at the end (T1) of the study period.Material and MethodsA clear aligners treated group (TG) of 68 patients was compared to a control group of 33 untreated patients (UG). Each group was divided in 2 subgroups according to age: subgroup 1 if under 40 years of age and subgroup 2 if over. Facial aesthetics of the lower third was evaluated at T0 and T1 by a panel of five aesthetic experts with WSRS.ResultsStatistically significant changes were found in all subgroups comparing WSRS scores at T0 and T1. The between group comparisons revealed that wearing clear aligners produces a statistically relevant improvement in lower third facial aesthetics both in younger (p< 0.05) and older (p< 0.001) patients.ConclusionsThe present retrospective cohort study has successfully shown that malocclusion therapy conducted through the use of clear aligners in a population of adults affected by dental crowding has beneficial effects on lower third facial ageing. Key words:Orthodontics, clear aligners, facial aesthetics, facial wrinkles, compliance.

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The use of magnetic resonance imaging in the evaluation of upper airway structures in paediatric obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Cited by 22 publications

References 49 publications

Application of Computational Fluid Dynamics Analysis after Bimaxillary Orthognathic Surgery

Application of Computational Fluid Dynamics Analysis after Bimaxillary Orthognathic Surgery

Ultrasonographic Evaluation of The Effects of Orthodontic or Functional Orthopaedic Treatment on Masseter Muscles: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Clear aligners effects on aesthetics: evaluation of facial wrinkles

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