1995
DOI: 10.1016/s0022-5223(95)70417-5
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The use of methylene blue as an extravascular surgical marker impairs vascular responses of human saphenous veins

Abstract: Methylene blue is occasionally applied to the adventitia of blood vessels during coronary artery bypass and other vascular procedures to assist in the orientation of the vessel. Inherent in this method is the assumption that extravascular application of methylene blue is innocuous with regard to vascular function. In the first part of this study, the in vitro vascular reactivity of methylene blue-labeled saphenous veins was compared with that of veins that were not marked with methylene blue. The vasoactive ag… Show more

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Cited by 15 publications
(11 citation statements)
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“…We have previously showed that these marking pens reduce viability and impair physiologic function of the HSV and such detrimental effects are attributable by the gentian violet dye and isopropanol. 10 We sought an alternative to the off-label use of surgical skin marker and identified FCF as a non-toxic dye that improves endothelial and smooth muscle functional responses in HSV, suggesting that the FCF dye has pharmacologic properties. 12 In the current study, we demonstrated further that FCF can be utilized to mark vein graft and may have additional benefits in restoring stretch-injury resulting from vein harvest and preparation.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…We have previously showed that these marking pens reduce viability and impair physiologic function of the HSV and such detrimental effects are attributable by the gentian violet dye and isopropanol. 10 We sought an alternative to the off-label use of surgical skin marker and identified FCF as a non-toxic dye that improves endothelial and smooth muscle functional responses in HSV, suggesting that the FCF dye has pharmacologic properties. 12 In the current study, we demonstrated further that FCF can be utilized to mark vein graft and may have additional benefits in restoring stretch-injury resulting from vein harvest and preparation.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…8 These markers generally contain 10% gentian violet with 50% isopropanol as the solvent. These dyes have been shown to reduce vascular function; 10,11 however they continue to be used for marking conduits. We previously demonstrated that the food dye Brilliant Blue FCF (FCF) enhances endothelial-dependent relaxation in HSV and restores contractility in HSV that were otherwise considered functionally non-viable possibly by inhibiting the purinergic receptor P2X 7 (P2X 7 R).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In the literature, toxic effects from methylene blue have been observed, and it has been suggested that it should not be used for staining of previously damaged mucosa or of places with mucosa blood vessels erosions. 16,17 Study of vocal fold mucosa in vivo enables clinicians to obtain further insight into the tissue characteristics and to avoid potential artifacts as in cases of standard biopsy. According to the findings presented here, the blood vessels in vocal fold mucosa are clearly visible even in the cases without discrete vital staining.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Vein graft marking with ink remains a nearly universal practice used with the intention of maintaining graft orientation by preventing kinking, thereby preventing technical obstruction of flow after implantation into the arterial circulation. 30 The off-label use of surgical skin markers gained popularity, probably in part due to their availability as ready-to-use sterile pens and safety for use on skin. However, gentian violet, the dye contained in surgical skin markers, has been known to be clastogenic, damaging chromosomes.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%