The Use of Microelectromechanical Systems for Surge Detection in Gas Turbine Engines

Andronenko, S. I.; Stiharu, Ion; Packirisamy, M.; Moustapha, Hany; Dionne, Paul J.

doi:10.1109/icmens.2005.122

Cited by 3 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…A resonance cavity of a known geometric configuration is proposed for measuring both dynamic pressure and temperature in harsh environments (very high temperature, corrosive gases, etc.). The resonance cavity may be formed by either drilling a specified hole or attaching a small tube of a specific length made up of a polymer-derived high temperature resistant ceramic such as silicon carbon nitride (SiCN) (Leo et al, 2010;Nagaiah et al, 2006;Andronenko et al, 2005). The resonance tube will have one end open and the other end closed, with the closed end being sealed with either the sensor or the wall of the enclosure, and the open-end exposed to the harsh environment.…”

Section: Co-integrated Dynamic Pressure and Temperature Sensing Schemementioning

confidence: 99%

Wireless sensing using acoustic signals for measurement of dynamic pressure and temperature in harsh environment

et al. 2012

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Purpose -It is currently difficult to measure temperature and pressure in harsh environments. Such measurements are limited by either the ability of the sensing element or the associated electrical wiring to withstand the operating environment. This is unfortunate as temperature and pressure are important measurands in various engineering structures as they provide critical information on the operating condition of the structure. Hence, there is a need to address this shortcoming. Such a sensor in place would enhance the operating efficiency thereby reducing the pollution burden and its impact on the environment. The purpose of this paper is to present theoretical and preliminary experimental results for a co-integrated pressure and temperature sensor for harsh environments. Design/methodology/approach -This work describes a co-integrated pressure-temperature wireless sensing scheme. The approach presented herein provides the possibility of measuring dynamic pressure and temperature within an enclosed volume using acoustic signals. Resonance tube physics is exploited for the temperature sensing. A microphone is used to obtain the acoustic signal whose frequency is a function of the temperature and the tube geometry. Findings -The dynamic pressure is measured from the calibrated amplitude of the pressure wave signal measured by the microphone. The temperature can be measured through the shift of the standing wave frequency with a resolution of , 18C. The resonance tube can be fabricated using any material that resists harsh environments. The geometry of the tube can be tailored for any specific frequency range, as the application warrants. Also, this provides a means for accurate temperature compensation of pressure sensor data from high temperature environments. A Matlab/Simulink model is developed and presented for the acquisition of acoustic signals through the wall of an enclosed volume. For these applications the standing wave signal transmitted through the enclosure wall becomes a function of the wall material and wall thickness. Preliminary experimental results are presented in which a DC fan is used for generating the dynamic pressure in a varying temperature environment.Research limitations/implications -The major issue is the separation of the noise from the signal. As various applications yield specific signal noise, the problem needs detailed data to be addressed. Practical implications -Temperature and dynamic pressure could be recorded/monitored in very harsh environment conditions such as chemical reactors. Originality/value -This work demonstrates the possibility of employing a co-integrated acoustic sensing scheme in which both pressure and temperature are measured simultaneously with a sole sensor. The major advantage with acoustic sensing is the wireless transmission of data. This allows for non-invasive measurement from within enclosed systems. Direct real-time temperature compensation is possible that does not require any compensation circuitry. Hence, pressure and temperature data may be obta...

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Section: Co-integrated Dynamic Pressure and Temperature Sensing Schemementioning

confidence: 99%

Wireless sensing using acoustic signals for measurement of dynamic pressure and temperature in harsh environment

et al. 2012

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“…During take-off and landing, variations or fluctuations in the pressure flow can arise within the GTE. This phenomenon results in compressor blade stall that can spread to adjacent blades and back through the stages of the compressor (reverse-pressure flow) [7]. These compounded effects lead to engine surge in fractions of a second for high-speed turbines, which may in turn result in the destruction of the engine.…”

Section: Surge Detectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In general, the pressure and air velocity generated at the various stages are a function of the blade shape, the number of blades and the flow path geometry. However, the efficient operation of the GTE can be significantly affected by such mechanisms as damaged blades, surge and temperature fluctuations [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To this end, on-going research and development of miniaturized electromechanical components has allowed the aerospace industry to increasingly implement in situ sensors and sensor arrays throughout aircraft [14]. Also, the development of new high-temperature resistant materials such as silicon-oninsulator (SOI) [15,16], silicon carbide (SiC) [17] and silicon carbide nitride (SiCN) [7,18] will eventually allow for the implementation of control and condition monitoring sensors within currently inaccessible areas of GTEs [19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dynamic pressure as a measure of gas turbine engine (GTE) performance

Rinaldi

Stiharu

Packirisamy

et al. 2010

Meas. Sci. Technol.

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Utilizing in situ dynamic pressure measurement is a promising novel approach with applications for both control and condition monitoring of gas turbine-based propulsion systems. The dynamic pressure created by rotating components within the engine presents a unique opportunity for controlling the operation of the engine and for evaluating the condition of a specific component through interpretation of the dynamic pressure signal. Preliminary bench-top experiments are conducted with dc axial fans for measuring fan RPM, blade condition, surge and dynamic temperature variation. Also, a method, based on standing wave physics, is presented for measuring the dynamic temperature simultaneously with the dynamic pressure. These tests are implemented in order to demonstrate the versatility of dynamic pressure-based diagnostics for monitoring several different parameters, and two physical quantities, dynamic pressure and dynamic temperature, with a single sensor. In this work, the development of a dynamic pressure sensor based on micro-electro-mechanical system technology for in situ gas turbine engine condition monitoring is presented. The dynamic pressure sensor performance is evaluated on two different gas turbine engines, one having a fan and the other without.

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“…However, during take off and landing, transient pressure fluctuations normally arise, resulting in blade stall that is propagated to adjacent blades and back through the various stages of the compressor. This could lead to engine surge for high speed turbines in fraction of seconds and subsequently damage the engine [ 1 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Thick and Thin Film SiCN for Pressure Sensing at High Temperatures

Leo

Andronenko

Stiharu

et al. 2010

Sensors

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Pressure measurement in high temperature environments is important in many applications to provide valuable information for performance studies. Information on pressure patterns is highly desirable for improving performance, condition monitoring and accurate prediction of the remaining life of systems that operate in extremely high temperature environments, such as gas turbine engines. A number of technologies have been recently investigated, however these technologies target specific applications and they are limited by the maximum operating temperature. Thick and thin films of SiCN can withstand high temperatures. SiCN is a polymer-derived ceramic with liquid phase polymer as its starting material. This provides the advantage that it can be molded to any shape. CERASET™ also yields itself for photolithography, with the addition of photo initiator 2, 2-Dimethoxy-2-phenyl-acetophenone (DMPA), thereby enabling photolithographical patterning of the pre-ceramic polymer using UV lithography. SiCN fabrication includes thermosetting, crosslinking and pyrolysis. The technology is still under investigation for stability and improved performance. This work presents the preparation of SiCN films to be used as the body of a sensor for pressure measurements in high temperature environments. The sensor employs the phenomenon of drag effect. The pressure sensor consists of a slender sensitive element and a thick blocking element. The dimensions and thickness of the films depend on the intended application of the sensors. Fabrication methods of SiCN ceramics both as thin (about 40–60 μm) and thick (about 2–3 mm) films for high temperature applications are discussed. In addition, the influence of thermosetting and annealing processes on mechanical properties is investigated.

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The Use of Microelectromechanical Systems for Surge Detection in Gas Turbine Engines

Cited by 3 publications

References 17 publications

Wireless sensing using acoustic signals for measurement of dynamic pressure and temperature in harsh environment

Wireless sensing using acoustic signals for measurement of dynamic pressure and temperature in harsh environment

Dynamic pressure as a measure of gas turbine engine (GTE) performance

Characterization of Thick and Thin Film SiCN for Pressure Sensing at High Temperatures

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