The use of microwaves in the acceleration of digestion and colour development in the determination of total Kjeldahl nitrogen in soil

Mason, Christopher J.; Edwards, Margaret J. A.; Riby, Philip; Coe, Graham

doi:10.1039/a903623g

Cited by 18 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…The recommended digestion temperature, as described in the Standard Methods, [1] is 380 • C. Previous studies [6,7] of microwave TKN digestion on food samples reported that the digestion temperatures were set at above 270 • C.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rapid Determination of Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen Using Microwave Digestion

Wong

Liao

2005

Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A

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A closed-vessel microwave digestion process for the determination of total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN) has been developed for sewage and wastewater. TKN values obtained from the microwave digestion method were in excellent agreement with those of the thermal digestion method. The accuracy of both analytical methods is comparable. In comparison to the conventional thermal digestion, the microwave method shortened the time required for complete digestion from 4 h to 25 min, and also decreased the maximum digestion temperature from 380 degrees C to 200 degrees C. This developed method may contribute to a significant reduction in sample digestion time, resulting in an increase in analytical throughput. The microwave digestion method developed in this study could be a rapid and efficient means for TKN determination for sewage wastewater and sludge.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The aforementioned systems only had the ability to handle one sample at a time. Mason et al [7] also investigated the TKN digestion of soil samples using open-vessel single-mode microwave method; the digestion was carried out at 320 • C for 50 min.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid Determination of Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen Using Microwave Digestion

Wong

Liao

2005

Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A

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“…Proximate analyses of macronutrients were conducted to determine the following: protein content, by employing the Kjeldahl method with a modified Berthelot reaction (26) ; lipid determination, by employing the AOAC International acid-hydrolysis standard official method 922 . 06 (27) .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The food multimix concept: new innovative approach to meeting nutritional challenges in Sub-Saharan Africa

Zotor

Amuna

2008

Proc. Nutr. Soc.

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Food insecurity, chronic hunger, starvation and malnutrition continue to affect millions of individuals throughout the developing world, especially Sub-Saharan Africa. Various initiatives by African governments and International Agencies such as the UN, the industrial nations, the International Monetary Fund, the World Bank and the World Trade Organisation to boost economic development, have failed to provide the much-needed solution to these challenges. The impact of these economic shifts and the failures of structural adjustment programmes on the nutritional well-being and health of the most vulnerable members of poor communities cannot be over-emphasised. The use of ad hoc measures as an adjunct to community-based rural integrated projects have provided little success and will be unsustainable unless they are linked to harnessing available local resources. The present paper therefore focuses on exploring alternative ways of harnessing the scant agricultural resources by employing a scientific approach to food-related problem-solving. The food multimix (FMM) concept offers a scientific contribution alongside other attempts currently in use by the World Food Programme, WHO and FAO to meet the food insecurity challenges that confront most of the developing world in the twenty-first century. It is an innovative approach that makes better use of traditional food sources as a tool for meeting community nutritional needs. The FMM concept employs a food-based approach using traditional methods of food preparation and locallyavailable, cheap and affordable staples (fruits, pulses, vegetables and legumes) in the formulation of nutrient-enriched multimixes. Developed recipes can provide ‡ 40 % of the daily nutritional requirements of vulnerable groups, including patients with HIV/AIDS and children undergoing nutrition rehabilitation. The FMM approach can also be used as a medium-to longterm adjunct to community-based rural integration projects aimed at health improvement and economic empowerment in Sub-Saharan Africa.

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“…The total soil organic carbon (SOC) was determined using the dichromate oxidation method [30]. Total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) content were analyzed with a Smartchem Discrete Auto Analyzer (AMS, Italy) with the indophenol-blue spectrophotometric method and Mo-Sh anti-colorimetric analysis methods [31,32], respectively.…”

Section: Soil Properties and Climate Data Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Drivers of Ectomycorrhizal Fungal Community Structure Associated with Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica Differ at Regional vs. Local Spatial Scales in Northern China

Guo

Gao

Ding

et al. 2020

Forests

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Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica, a widely planted tree species, is facing long-lasting, unresolved degradation in desertified Northern China. Ectomycorrhizal fungi (EMF) are closely related to the stand status, because they substantially participate in ecological processes of terrestrial forest ecosystems. EMF may be key to solving the introduction recession. Therefore, we performed DNA sequencing of P. sylvestris root samples from plantations and natural forests as control to characterize the EMF from semi-arid and dry sub-humid regions, using ITS Illumina sequencing and conventional soil physicochemical index determination. The results indicated that (1) the dominant EMF genera were Suillus, Rhizopogon, and Wilcoxina in the Hulunbuir, Mu Us, and Horqin Sandy Lands, respectively. Their dominance retained with stand ageing. (2) Plantation EM fungal diversity differs significantly among the three sandy lands and was significantly lower than in natural forest. The diversity varied with stand age, showing distinct trends at the local scale. (3) At the regional scale, the mean annual sunshine times and the soil organic carbon content affect EMF diversity. The community composition and structure were more characterized by temperature and precipitation. At the local scale, besides the soil organic carbon content, the EM fungal community composition and structure were correlated with total nitrogen and phosphorus content (Hulunbuir), the total phosphorus content (Mu Us), and the pH and total soil porosity (Horqin). The EM fungal community composition and structure have the obvious geographical distribution variation; they were strongly correlated with the meteorological elements and soil nutrients at the regional scale. At the local scale, they were jointly driven by stand age and soil properties. This improved information contributes to increasing the understanding of the interaction between EMF and forest ecosystems and guides sustainable forest management of degraded P. sylvestris plantations.

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The use of microwaves in the acceleration of digestion and colour development in the determination of total Kjeldahl nitrogen in soil

Cited by 18 publications

References 23 publications

Rapid Determination of Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen Using Microwave Digestion

Rapid Determination of Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen Using Microwave Digestion

The food multimix concept: new innovative approach to meeting nutritional challenges in Sub-Saharan Africa

Drivers of Ectomycorrhizal Fungal Community Structure Associated with Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica Differ at Regional vs. Local Spatial Scales in Northern China

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