The use of milk progesterone profiles to characterise components of subfertility in milked dairy cows

Lamming, G. E.; Darwash, A.O.

doi:10.1016/s0378-4320(98)00099-2

Cited by 165 publications

(138 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…However, several other studies used different P4 thresholds to distinguish luteal activity. A threshold of 0.5 ng/ml was used to determine non-luteal cows [12], while a threshold of 3 ng/ml was used to indicate luteal activity in the analysis of milk P4 profiles [73]. The circulating P4 profile of crossbred cattle during luteal phase (diestrus) in the present study was similar to previous reports in HF cows in Thailand that used a serum RIA [55].…”

Section: P4 Detection In Non-pregnant Cycling and Anestrous Cattlesupporting

confidence: 81%

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Serum, milk, saliva and urine progesterone and estradiol profiles in crossbred (Zebu x Holstein Friesian) dairy cattle

Mekonnin¹,

Howie²,

Riley³

et al. 2017

Anim Husb Dairy Vet Sci

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Effective breeding management is a crucial tool to enhance the reproductive and productive performance of dairy cattle. To achieve this, regular monitoring of their reproductive status is important. The aims of this study were to monitor the reproductive status of crossbred dairy cattle based on progesterone (P4) concentration in serum, whole milk, saliva and urine, and estradiol in serum using quantitative laboratory ELISA tests, and to document hormonal profiles at different reproductive stages. Three hundred and thirty-six (336) crossbred (Holstein Friesian x Zebu) dairy cattle (232 cows and 104 heifers) from 47 dairy farms owned by smallholder or organized commercial dairy farmers were included in the study. Matched blood, milk and saliva samples were collected twice at 11-day intervals at afternoon milking, while urine was collected just once. Serum was separated within 48 hr of blood collection. All samples were stored at -80 o C until assayed. In both cows and heifers, P4 was higher during pregnancy than in other reproductive conditions. Estradiol was higher during estrus than at other reproductive stages. Estradiol levels were significantly higher (p<0.05) in estrus cows compared with heifers. The mean level of P4 in serum strongly correlated with the value in milk (r = 0.6368, P< 0.0001), however there was no correlation in P4 concentration between serum and saliva or between P4 in serum and in urine. Hence, determination of P4 in serum and milk using an ELISA test is a reliable and precise method to monitor reproductive status in crossbred dairy cattle.

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Section: P4 Detection In Non-pregnant Cycling and Anestrous Cattlesupporting

confidence: 81%

“…The reason for cows/ heifers having high P4 levels for an extended period could be due to a prolonged luteal phase [72]. A prolonged luteal phase is one of the common reproductive problems of dairy cows, occurring mostly from calving to 90 days postpartum [73,74].…”

Section: P4 Detection In Non-pregnant Cycling and Anestrous Cattlementioning

confidence: 99%

Serum, milk, saliva and urine progesterone and estradiol profiles in crossbred (Zebu x Holstein Friesian) dairy cattle

Mekonnin¹,

Howie²,

Riley³

et al. 2017

Anim Husb Dairy Vet Sci

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“…The incidence of prolonged luteal phases has increased from 3% (Fagan and Roche, 1986) to 11% to 22% (Lamming and Darwash, 1998;Opsomer et al, 1998;Shrestra et al 2004a,b;Figure 4). It is generally considered that prolonged luteal phases are associated with an abnormal uterine environment that disrupts endometrial PGF2α production.…”

Section: Prolonged Luteal Phasesmentioning

confidence: 98%

Parturition to resumption of ovarian cyclicity: comparative aspects of beef and dairy cows

Crowe

Diskin

Williams

2014

Animal

107

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There is a variable anoestrous period following parturition in the cow. Follicular growth generally resumes within 7 to 10 days in the majority of cows associated with a transient FSH rise that occurs within 3 to 5 days of parturition. Dairy cows that are not nutritionally stressed generally ovulate their first postpartum dominant follicle (~15 days), whereas beef suckler cows in good body condition normally have a mean of 3.2 ± 0.2 dominant follicles (~30 days) to first ovulation; moreover, beef cows in poor body condition have a mean of 10.6 ± 1.2 dominant follicles (~70 to 100 days) to first ovulation. The lack of ovulation of dominant follicles during the postpartum period is associated with infrequent LH pulses, with both maternal-offspring bonding and low body condition score (BCS) at calving being implicated as the predominant causes of delayed resumption of cyclicity in nursed beef cows. In dairy cows, the normal pattern of early resumption of ovulation may be delayed in high-yielding Holstein type cows generally owing to the effects of severe negative energy balance, dystocia, retained placental membranes and uterine infections. First ovulation, in both dairy and beef cows, is generally silent (i.e., no behavioural oestrus) and followed by a short inter-ovulatory interval (>70%). The key to optimizing the resumption of ovulation in both beef and dairy cows is appropriate pre-calving nutrition and management so that cows calve down in optimal body condition (BCS; 2.75 to 3.0) with postpartum body condition loss restricted to < 0.5 BCS units.

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“…Owing to the lipohilic character of progesterone, its concentration and consequently the appropriate threshold is slightly lower in this study. In contrast to other studies, Lamming and Darwash (1998) analyzed progesterone in unextracted whole milk samples and defined a threshold of 3 ng/ml for identifying luteal activity. Shrestha et al (2004) defined the luteal activity by a concentration greater equal 1 ng progesterone/ml in milk samples that were double centrifuged.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The lower the fat concentration, the lower the progesterone concentration. Depending on milk sampling such as time of sampling, and further processing such as centrifugation, for example, Shrestha et al (2004) used a threshold of 1 ng progesterone/ ml skimmed milk (double centrifuged), McCoy et al (2001) had a threshold of 1.5 ng progesterone/ml foremilk, 3 ng progesterone/ml whole milk sample was determind by Lamming and Darwash (1998) and a threshold of 15 ng progesterone/ml milk fat was used by Opsomer et al (2000). These studies derived parameters from the progesterone profiles to describe the ovarian activity of dairy cows, including the postpartum commencement of luteal activity, the length of the luteal phase and the length of the interovulatory or interluteal interval.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mathematical approaches to detect low concentrations in progesterone profiles

Leesen

Tetens

Junge

et al. 2013

Animal

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There is a general need for higher objectivity and accuracy in describing the physiological fertility performance of dairy cows. To develop the alternative meaningful starting points for the selection of genetically superior dairy cows, this study focused on the detection of low progesterone concentrations, which are indicative of estrus events. Three mathematical approaches were used: one based on the exponentially weighted moving average control chart, and two threshold methods, which were developed in-house. Data were collected from one data set that included 97 insemination data of first-lactating Holstein dairy cows, and a second set that included 160 inseminations of primiparous and multiparous Holstein dairy cows. On the basis of these 2 data sets, and using a threshold of 1.2 ng progesterone/ml skimmed milk, the sensitivity of the 3 models was high and ranged between 100% and 93.13%, with an error rate between 4% and 22.17%. The specificity varied between 97.92% and 99.93%. The average concentration levels of true-positive-detected progesterone measures were low and ranged between 0.18 and 0.28 ng progesterone/ml skimmed milk (first data set) and 0.21 to 0.26 ng progesterone/ml skimmed milk (second data set). False-positive-detected low progesterone concentrations during estrus events were closely related to progesterone values around the 1.2 ng progesterone/ml skimmed milk threshold and the detecting rules of the control chart. Thus, we suggest that a threshold of 0.8 ng progesterone/ml skimmed milk is indicative for luteal activity in defatted foremilk. By means of the three methods used, the detection of low progesterone concentrations was possible and it can be assumed that this is a good starting point for further studies (such as interval calculation) in this area.

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The use of milk progesterone profiles to characterise components of subfertility in milked dairy cows

Cited by 165 publications

References 43 publications

Serum, milk, saliva and urine progesterone and estradiol profiles in crossbred (Zebu x Holstein Friesian) dairy cattle

Serum, milk, saliva and urine progesterone and estradiol profiles in crossbred (Zebu x Holstein Friesian) dairy cattle

Parturition to resumption of ovarian cyclicity: comparative aspects of beef and dairy cows

Mathematical approaches to detect low concentrations in progesterone profiles

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