The use of mixed carbon materials with improved oxygen transport in a lithium-air battery

Zhang, Yining; Zhang, Huamin; Li, Jing; Wang, Meiri; Nie, Hongjiao; Zhang, Fengxiang

doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2013.04.018

Cited by 76 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…So, both external and internal surface of CoO nanowires are of high usability for ORR/OER, while the nano-scale pores of Super-P cathode are always blocked by numerous unwanted interfaces as shown in Figure S1. 61 Beyond high utilization of active surface, the well-separated nanowires form a…”

Section: Electrochemical Activity Measurementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon-Free CoO Mesoporous Nanowire Array Cathode for High-Performance Aprotic Li–O₂ Batteries

Zhang

Zhou

et al. 2015

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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Although various kinds of catalysts have been developed for aprotic Li-O2 battery application, the carbon-based cathodes are still vulnerable to attacks from the discharge intermediates or products, as well as the accompanying electrolyte decomposition. To ameliorate this problem, the free-standing and carbon-free CoO nanowire array cathode was purposely designed for Li-O2 batteries. The single CoO nanowire formed as a special mesoporous structure, owing even comparable specific surface area and pore volume to the typical Super-P carbon particles. In addition to the highly selective oxygen reduction/evolution reactions catalytic activity of CoO cathodes, both excellent discharge specific capacity and cycling efficiency of Li-O2 batteries were obtained, with 4888 mAh gCoO(-1) and 50 cycles during 500 h period. Owing to the synergistic effect between elaborate porous structure and selective intermediate absorption on CoO crystal, a unique bimodal growth phenomenon of discharge products was occasionally observed, which further offers a novel mechanism to control the formation/decomposition morphology of discharge products in nanoscale. This research work is believed to shed light on the future development of high-performance aprotic Li-O2 batteries.

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Section: Electrochemical Activity Measurementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon-Free CoO Mesoporous Nanowire Array Cathode for High-Performance Aprotic Li–O₂ Batteries

Zhang

Zhou

et al. 2015

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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“…29 An extension of this model that includes polaron charge transport agrees well with the gradually sloping discharge curves obtained from glassy carbon experiments, 34 but cells with high-surface-area carbon cathodes exhibit a different discharge curve shape: one that is characterized by a constant-voltage plateau followed by a precipitous, faster-thanexponential voltage drop at the end of discharge. 22,33,35 The lack of a complete model that explains both the discharge curve shape and the current−capacity relationship of high-surfacearea cathodes motivates this study.In this work, we study the electrochemical processes in the Li−O 2 battery cathode using a combination of experiments and theory. In particular, we show that a mathematical analysis for the Li−O 2 battery cathode in which Li 2 O 2 nucleates and grows as discrete nanosized particles provides a more straightforward explanation for the shape of the discharge curve.…”

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Nucleation and Growth of Lithium Peroxide in the Li–O₂ Battery

2015

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We study the relationship between Li2O2 morphology and the electrochemical performance of the Li-O2 battery using a combination of experiment and theory. Experimental Li-O2 battery discharge curves are accurately captured by a theoretical model in which electrode performance is limited by the nucleation and growth of discrete Li2O2 nanostructures in the cathode. We further show that the characteristic sharp voltage drop widely reported at the end of discharge results from the decrease in electrochemical surface area as Li2O2 covers the cathode surface. Preventing surface nucleation is highlighted as a core strategy for increasing Li-O2 battery capacity.

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“…In addition, the type of carbon was also found to influence the electrochemical performance. 29 They determined that some carbons have better mass transfer because of their moderate compatibility with the electrolyte and hardly blocked pore structure, achieving better use of the internal pores and the whole electrode volume. They also demonstrated that higher discharge capacities can be achieved by increasing oxygen partial pressure due to increased oxygen solubility in the electrolyte.…”

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Monitoring the Location of Cathode-Reactions in Li-O₂Batteries

Landa‐Medrano

Pinedo

Larramendi

et al. 2015

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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The performance of Li-O 2 batteries is typically evaluated by specific capacity and cyclability in order to facilitate quantitative comparison in literature. The accuracy of such comparison is limited, however, due to the wide range of factors which control the reported specific capacities. These comparisons are not always fair as some factors, which can highly influence the obtained specific capacities, are often neglected. A rigorous and systematic study has been conducted in order to identify the isolated effect of diverse parameters on the performance of these promising batteries. The analysis of cells with different carbon contents reveals that the discharge reactions do not necessarily take place throughout the electrode mass, but instead occur preferentially in closest proximity to the oxygen gas-electrolyte interface. The effective activity of the cathode material is therefore reduced as distance from this interface increases. This work demonstrates that the lack of standardized measurement protocols hinders the rapid development of this technology due to the difficulties inherent in the direct comparison of cells with wide-ranging measurement conditions. In addition, it has been demonstrated that both the employed carbon loading and current rate critically affect cycling lifetime. Lithium-oxygen (Li-O 2 ) rechargeable batteries with organic electrolytes have recently received extraordinary attention due to their potential to provide high gravimetric energies (∼3500 Wh/kg based on the cell reaction, 2Li + O 2 ↔ Li 2 O 2 ; 2.96 V vs Li/Li + ). 1 Consequently, these batteries are considered one of the most promising candidates for high energy storage devices such as electric vehicles (EVs) or hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs), which have become of special interest due to the fossil fuel depletion and the demand of a cheaper, nontoxic and environmentally friendly energetic model. This technology is still however in its early stages and some challenges need to be overcome in order to make them commercially available.2-12 Although existing lithium-ion technology was initially adopted in order to start investigating these relatively new batteries, numerous problems reveal that this is not always suitable. For example, the carbonate based solvents, commonly used in Li-ion batteries, 13 were not appropriate for Li-O 2 batteries because of their susceptibility to nucleophilic attack by reduced O 2 − species.10,14-17Li-O 2 batteries usually consist of a lithium foil anode, a lithium salt dissolved in an organic solvent as electrolyte and a porous carbonbased cathode. During the discharge metallic lithium anode releases lithium ions (Li + ) to the electrolyte, while electrons are transported to the cathode through an external circuit.Meanwhile, oxygen molecules are reduced (oxygen reduction reaction, (ORR)) at the cathode.18 The global reaction taking place in the battery is:Solubility and diffusion rate of oxygen in the electrolyte play key roles in determining battery performance. 21,22 Zhang et al. proposed a liqu...

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The use of mixed carbon materials with improved oxygen transport in a lithium-air battery

Cited by 76 publications

References 26 publications

Carbon-Free CoO Mesoporous Nanowire Array Cathode for High-Performance Aprotic Li–O₂ Batteries

Carbon-Free CoO Mesoporous Nanowire Array Cathode for High-Performance Aprotic Li–O₂ Batteries

Nucleation and Growth of Lithium Peroxide in the Li–O₂ Battery

Monitoring the Location of Cathode-Reactions in Li-O₂Batteries

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The use of mixed carbon materials with improved oxygen transport in a lithium-air battery

Cited by 76 publications

References 26 publications

Carbon-Free CoO Mesoporous Nanowire Array Cathode for High-Performance Aprotic Li–O2 Batteries

Carbon-Free CoO Mesoporous Nanowire Array Cathode for High-Performance Aprotic Li–O2 Batteries

Nucleation and Growth of Lithium Peroxide in the Li–O2 Battery

Monitoring the Location of Cathode-Reactions in Li-O2Batteries

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Carbon-Free CoO Mesoporous Nanowire Array Cathode for High-Performance Aprotic Li–O₂ Batteries

Carbon-Free CoO Mesoporous Nanowire Array Cathode for High-Performance Aprotic Li–O₂ Batteries

Nucleation and Growth of Lithium Peroxide in the Li–O₂ Battery

Monitoring the Location of Cathode-Reactions in Li-O₂Batteries