The use of montmorillonite as a reinforcing and compatibilizing filler for NBR/SBR rubber blend

Essawy, Hisham; El‐Nashar, D. E.

doi:10.1016/j.polymertesting.2004.03.003

Cited by 131 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…When small amount of clay added into polymer matrix, the clay is located in the interphase between the matrix and the dispersed phase. Besides, incorporation of clay increase interfacial adhesion, thus compatibilization at a molecular level is achieved which improves stress transfer within composites and then cause tensile strength increase [23]. However, further increase the clay content decrease the tensile strength as part of the clay located in the interfacial area while the excess clay is dispersed in the matrix which cause decrease in homogeneity and formation of agglomeration which decrease the tensile strength [24].…”

Section: Tensile Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancement of Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Polylactic Acid/Polycaprolactone Blends by Hydrophilic Nanoclay

Eng

Ibrahim

Zainuddin

et al. 2013

Indian Journal of Materials Science

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The effects of hydrophilic nanoclay, Nanomer PGV, on mechanical properties of Polylactic Acid (PLA)/Polycaprolactone (PCL) blends were investigated and compared with hydrophobic clay, Montmorillonite K10. The PLA/PCL/clay composites were prepared by melt intercalation technique and the composites were characterized by X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). FTIR spectra indicated that formation of hydrogen bond between hydrophilic clay with the matrix. XRD results show that shifting of basal spacing when clay incorporated into polymer matrix. TEM micrographs reveal the formation of agglomerate in the composites. Based on mechanical properties results, addition of clay Nanomer PGV significantly enhances the flexibility of PLA/PCL blends about 136.26%. TGA showed that the presence of clay improve thermal stability of blends. DMA show the addition of clay increase storage modulus and the presence of clay Nanomer PGV slightly shift two of blends become closer suggest that the presence of clay slightly compatibilizer the PLA/PCL blends. SEM micrographs revealed that presence of Nanomer PGV in blends influence the miscibility of the blends. The PLA/PCL blends become more homogeneous and consist of single phase morphology.

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Section: Tensile Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancement of Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Polylactic Acid/Polycaprolactone Blends by Hydrophilic Nanoclay

Eng

Ibrahim

Zainuddin

et al. 2013

Indian Journal of Materials Science

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“…(6) where: M ∞ is the mass of solvent taken up at equilibrium and M ○ is the initial mass of polymer sample.…”

Section: Diffusivity Adsorpitivity and Permeabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been reported the use of nanofillers of inorganic nature for the purpose of compatiblization and reinforcement of incompatible pairs of polymer [5]. Montmorillonite is one of the commercial layered silicates and has been widely used as reinforcing filler in the preparation of nanocomposites [6]. However, the hydrophilic nature of montmorillonite limits its compatibility with hydrophobic polymers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Organophilization and Interlamellar Silylation of Montmorillonite on Compatiblization of Polymer Composites

Rahim¹,

Ismail²,

Kandil³

2016

Adv. Sci. Technol. Res. J.

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Sodium montmorillonite (Na-Mt) was modified by cetyltriemethylammoniumbromide (CTAB) through cation exchange technique followed by grafting with 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APT). The effects of organophillic surface treatments of montmorillonite on compatibilization of natural rubber (NR) /acrylonitrile butadiene rubber (NBR) blends was investigated. Physico-mechanical properties of rubber nanocomposites compatibilized with organomodified montmorillonite revealed strong nanocomposite with high tensile properties, impact strength and good resistance to flex fatigue, abrasion and compression set. Dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA) revealed a marked increase in storage modulus (E') and lesser damping characteristics of organically modified clay mineral polymer nanocomposites (CPN) due to intercalation of organophilic montmorillonite by rubber matrix. The morphology of the blends became homogeneous and smoother with the presence of exofoliated/intercalated organically modified montmorillonite. Organomodified layered silicate sheets of montmorillonite greatly enhanced barrier properties by creating tortuous path that retarded the progress of solvent molecules through rubber matrix.

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“…Most previous studies about the vulcanization kinetic of RCNs indicted that addition of OMC would considerably increase curing rate and crosslinking density of various rubber compounds, including NR [24,25], ENR [26], BR [27,28], SBR [29], EAR [30], NBR [31], and NBR/SBR blend [32]. On the other hand, some studies [12,33] on EPDM/OMC systems shown that addition of OMC prolonged the optimum curing time and reduced the cross-linking density of the composites.…”

Section: Effects Of Omc On the Curing Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

Micro-structural evolution of rubber/clay nanocomposites with vulcanization process

Lu¹,

Ye²,

Mao³

et al. 2011

Express Polym. Lett.

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Abstract. Brominated isobutyl-isoprene rubber/clay nanocomposite (BIIRCN) and ethylene-propylene-diene-monomer rubber/clay nanocomposite (EPDMCN) were prepared by melt blending. The micro-structural evolution of these two kinds of rubber/clay nanocomposites (RCNs) with vulcanization process was investigated using wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The WAXD results revealed that the intercalated structure of organically modified clay (OMC) changed throughout the whole curing process. The intercalated structure kept on changing beyond the vulcanization stage of T 90 . The interlayer space of intercalated silicate in uncured BIIRCN is larger than that in uncured EPDMCN. However, the intercalated structure for EPDMCN changed by a larger extent than that for BIIRCN during the vulcanization process, and the interlayer space of the intercalated structure is larger in the cured EPDMCN than that in the cured BIIRCN. It was found that the intercalant (i.e., octadecylamine, ODA) for OMC could shorten the scorch time of the curing reaction, and increase the curing rate, which was attributed to the further intercalation during vulcanization. TEM results indicated that the spatial distribution of OMC is much better in BIIR (a polar rubber matrix) than that in EPDM (a non-polar rubber matrix). The changes in spatial dispersion structure during vulcanization for EPDMCN and BIIRCN show different trends. In conclusion, the polarity of the rubber is the determining factor influencing the evolution of both the intercalated structure and the spatial dispersion of clay during vulcanization.

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The use of montmorillonite as a reinforcing and compatibilizing filler for NBR/SBR rubber blend

Cited by 131 publications

References 7 publications

Enhancement of Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Polylactic Acid/Polycaprolactone Blends by Hydrophilic Nanoclay

Enhancement of Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Polylactic Acid/Polycaprolactone Blends by Hydrophilic Nanoclay

Effect of Organophilization and Interlamellar Silylation of Montmorillonite on Compatiblization of Polymer Composites

Micro-structural evolution of rubber/clay nanocomposites with vulcanization process

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