The Use of Morphometric Measurements to Sex Yellow-eyed Penguins

Setiawan, Alvin N.; Darby, John T.; Lambert, David M.

doi:10.1675/1524-4695(2004)027[0096:tuommt]2.0.co;2

Cited by 36 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Penguins weighing less than 4500 g were considered unfit for deployment. Head and foot length were measured with callipers to determine sex (following Setiawan et al [2004]) before the bird's head was covered to minimize stress. The devices (i.e.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Consistent foraging routes and benthic foraging behaviour in yellow-eyed penguins

Mattern¹,

Ellenberg²,

Houston³

et al. 2007

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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Yellow-eyed penguins Megadyptes antipodes seemingly forage at discrete marine locations over the continental shelf, where they are believed to feed predominantly at the seafloor. Such behaviour would distinguish them from most other penguin species that generally employ pelagic foraging strategies. From 2003 to 2005 we studied the foraging behaviour of yellow-eyed penguins breeding near Oamaru, New Zealand. We used 2 types of data loggers: GPS loggers recorded geographical position and dive depth at set intervals, while time-depth recorders (TDRs) recorded only dive depth. The penguins performed day trips (range: 12 to 20 km from the coast) or shorter evening trips (range: < 7 km). Consecutive foraging trips of individuals revealed remarkably consistent foraging routes. Birds travelled along similar -at times congruent -paths, markedly changed course at distinct locations, and revisited certain locations on separate trips, indicating skilful navigation. Three trip stages could be distinguished on one-day trips. During the outgoing (seaward travelling) and incoming (shoreward travelling) stages the birds followed linear courses. These stages were separated by a period of midday activity in which birds exhibited higher dive effort and often tended to stay within confined areas. The diving behaviour revealed an exclusive bottom-foraging strategy, with 87% of all dives being benthic dives; the majority of non-benthic dives occurred during the last 2 to 3 h of the trip, indicating primarily travelling behaviour. Furthermore, yellow-eyed penguins employ benthic dives not only when feeding but also frequently when travelling. We suggest that benthic dives might facilitate navigation and, consequently, account for the consistent foraging patterns of yellow-eyed penguins.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Consistent foraging routes and benthic foraging behaviour in yellow-eyed penguins

Mattern¹,

Ellenberg²,

Houston³

et al. 2007

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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“…This is a reliable variable easy to measure in the field, and in the three tern species it showed the lower coefficient of variation among measured body variables. Head length is the most important variable used to discriminate males from females in terns, gulls and skimmers (e.g., Coulson et al 1983;Quinn 1990;Nisbet et al 2007), and has been also used in species belonging to other seabird groups (Quintana et al 2003;Guicking et al 2004;Setiawan et al 2004). Head length has been also used in combination with body mass to sex Black Terns (C. niger) (Shealer and Cleary 2007), or in combination with other body measures such as wing length in Sooty Terns (Onychoprion fuscata) (Reynolds et al 2008) and Brown Noddies (Chardine and Morris 1989).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using Morphometry and Molecular Markers for Sexing South American, Cayenne and Royal Terns Breeding in Patagonia, Argentina

et al. 2014

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“…Previous attempts of molecular sex identification with 2550F/2718R in MPs were unsuccessful [Bertellotti et al., ], but we found that this primer pair successfully distinguished male and female MPs, KPs, and GPs. Other studies investigating sex identification in penguins focused on a single species [Costantini et al., ; Poisbleau et al., ; Setiawan et al., ], limiting their abilities to identify primer pairs that can be used for sex identification in all penguins. We observed that primer pair PL/PR was powerful for molecular sex identification across four penguin species.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex Identification of Four Penguin Species Using Locus‐Specific PCR

Zhang

Han

Liu³

et al. 2012

Zoo Biology

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Traditional methods for sex identification are not applicable to sexually monomorphic species, leading to difficulties in the management of their breeding programs. To identify sex in sexually monomorphic birds, molecular methods have been established. Two established primer pairs (2550F/2718R and p8/p2) amplify the CHD1 gene region from both the Z and W chromosomes. Here, we evaluated the use of these primers for sex identification in four sexually monomorphic penguin species: king penguins (Aptenodytes patagonicus), rockhopper penguins (Eudyptes chrysocome), gentoo penguins (Pygoscelis papua), and Magellanic penguins (Spheniscus magellanicus). For all species except rockhopper penguins, primer pair 2550F/2718R resulted in two distinct CHD1Z and CHD1W PCR bands, allowing for sex identification. For rockhopper penguins, only primer pair p8/p2 yielded different CHD1Z and CHD1W bands, which were faint and similar in size making them difficult to distinguish. As a result, we designed a new primer pair (PL/PR) that efficiently determined the gender of individuals from all four penguin species. Sequencing of the PCR products confirmed that they were from the CHD1 gene region. Primer pair PL/PR can be evaluated for use in sexing other penguin species, which will be crucial for the management of new penguin breeding programs. Zoo Biol. 32:257-261, 2013. © 2012 Keywords: Aptenodytes patagonicus; Eudyptes chrysocome; Pygoscelis papua; Spheniscus magellanicus; CHD1 the sex chromosomes. Assuming the length of the CHD1 region differs between the two chromosomes, males will have a single product (CHD1Z) and females for two (CHD1W and

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The Use of Morphometric Measurements to Sex Yellow-eyed Penguins

Cited by 36 publications

References 10 publications

Consistent foraging routes and benthic foraging behaviour in yellow-eyed penguins

Consistent foraging routes and benthic foraging behaviour in yellow-eyed penguins

Using Morphometry and Molecular Markers for Sexing South American, Cayenne and Royal Terns Breeding in Patagonia, Argentina

Sex Identification of Four Penguin Species Using Locus‐Specific PCR

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