The Use of Mussel Shells in Upward-Flow Sulfate-Reducing Bioreactors Treating Acid Mine Drainage

An insight into the structure, composition and hardness of a biological material: the shell of freshwater mussels

“…[32][33][34][35][36][37][38] While discarded marine shells derived from mussels, oysters, clams and abalones have been characterized as biological material with multiple utility, few efforts have been made from the freshwater mussels. 41,54 Several studies have shown that shells of marine bivalves and gastropods are more worthy as waste with multiple applications in the eld of biodiesel production, 39,40 waste water treatment, 46,47 soil amelioration, [48][49][50] biosorbent for dye and heavy metal, 45,51,52,54,55 llers and alternative to mortars, 56,57 and as an alternative to the bone materials. 32 In order to judge and qualify the shells of freshwater mussels as a biological material with potential for multiple applications in agriculture and industry, characterization of the shell at the physical and chemical levels is a pre-requisite.…”

“…43,44 Application of the whole mussel shell in the sulphate reducing bioreactors for acid mine drainage treatment enables reduction of pollution load. 45 The use of the calcined mussel shell in the waste water treatment is also promoted. 46 A modied mussel shell powder is also used to immobilize microalgae, for removal of nutrients from eutrophic waters.…”

Controls on Zn Concentrations in Acidic and Neutral Mine Drainage from New Zealand’s Bituminous Coal and Epithermal Mineral Deposits

“…Options include either active treatment, where sorbent phases are added and pH is increased to promote effective adsorption, or passive treatment by systems that promote sulphate reduction and precipitation of Zn-sulphide, or trapping of Zn within other sulphide minerals. Successful Zn removal has been observed in sulphate-reducing passive treatment systems constructed to treat AMD from coal mines in New Zealand (McCauley et al 2009;Trumm et al 2008;Uster et al 2015). Oxidising passive treatment systems that use CaO-bearing waste materials (steel slag or cement kiln dust) to raise pH [ 7 could also effectively remove Zn.…”

Mariene bouwstenen : Een verkenning van de mogelijkheden van benutting van schelpen in cement- en betonproductie

“…Volgens AAS, (2022) bestaan schelpen uit zowel calciet als aragoniet (twee verschillende vormen van CaCO3) waarbij voor de blauwe mossel lagen van calciet worden toegevoegd voor de lengtegroei en lagen van aragoniet voor de dikte-/ breedtegroei. Uster et al (2014) citeren onderzoek waaruit blijkt dat de mineralogische samenstelling voor 96 % uit CaCO3 bestond, waarvan 90 % calciet en 10 % aragoniet (in zeemilieu is aragoniet instabieler dan calciet). De eerste laag van de schelp bestaat uit een eiwit met chitine.…”