The use of mutants and inhibitors to study sterol biosynthesis in plants

Vriese, De; Pollier, Jacob; Goossens, Alain; Beeckman, Tom; Vanneste, Steffen

doi:10.1101/784272

“…It is thus tempting to hypothesize that early seed germination in tomato SE biosynthetic mutants could be due to the potential effect of the altered FS and ES profiles in the seed coat formation. Sterols might also affect directly the germination signaling pathway, since during plant growth and development phytosterols can interact with different hormone pathways ( Vriese et al., 2021 ), including gibberellins ( He et al., 2003 ), which have been reported as essential factors for tomato seed germination ( Groot and Karssen, 1987 ; Bassel et al., 2004 ). Work is currently in progress to shed light on the biochemical, molecular and physiological mechanisms underlying the tomato phenotypes associated to altered profiles of SE.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of impaired steryl ester biosynthesis on tomato growth and developmental processes

Burciaga-Monge

¹

,

López-Tubau²,

Laibach³

et al. 2022

Front. Plant Sci.

3

0

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Steryl esters (SE) are stored in cytoplasmic lipid droplets and serve as a reservoir of sterols that helps to maintain free sterols (FS) homeostasis in cell membranes throughout plant growth and development, and provides the FS needed to meet the high demand of these key plasma membrane components during rapid plant organ growth and expansion. SE are also involved in the recycling of sterols and fatty acids released from membranes during plant tissues senescence. SE are synthesized by sterol acyltransferases, which catalyze the transfer of long-chain fatty acid groups to the hydroxyl group at C3 position of FS. Depending on the donor substrate, these enzymes are called acyl-CoA:sterol acyltransferases (ASAT), when the substrate is a long-chain acyl-CoA, and phospholipid:sterol acyltransferases (PSAT), which use a phospholipid as a donor substrate. We have recently identified and preliminary characterized the tomato (Solanum lycopersicum cv. Micro-Tom) SlASAT1 and SlPSAT1 enzymes. To gain further insight into the biological role of these enzymes and SE biosynthesis in tomato, we generated and characterized CRISPR/Cas9 single knock-out mutants lacking SlPSAT1 (slpsat1) and SlASAT1 (slasat1), as well as the double mutant slpsat1 x slasat1. Analysis of FS and SE profiles in seeds and leaves of the single and double mutants revealed a strong depletion of SE in slpsat1, that was even more pronounced in the slpsat1 x slasat1 mutant, while an increase of SE levels was observed in slasat1. Moreover, SlPSAT1 and SlASAT1 inactivation affected in different ways several important cellular and physiological processes, like leaf lipid bo1dies formation, seed germination speed, leaf senescence, and the plant size. Altogether, our results indicate that SlPSAT1 has a predominant role in tomato SE biosynthesis while SlASAT1 would mainly regulate the flux of the sterol pathway. It is also worth to mention that some of the metabolic and physiological responses in the tomato mutants lacking functional SlPSAT1 or SlASAT1 are different from those previously reported in Arabidopsis, being remarkable the synergistic effect of SlASAT1 inactivation in the absence of a functional SlPSAT1 on the early germination and premature senescence phenotypes.

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“…Also, DG acts as a precursor for biosynthesis of primary form of storage energy, TG (Kelly and Jacobs). The isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP) and dimethylallyl pyrophosphate (DMAPP) generated via cytosolic mevalonate (MVA) pathway are primarily used for the biosynthesis of phytosterols (Lohr et al 2012, Vriese et al 2019). Our results demonstrate novel information about pathogen-stress responses in the root and stem of both soybean cultivars, which can be put within the broad context of plant lipid metabolism.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant lipid metabolism in susceptible and tolerant soybean (Glycine max) cultivars in response to Phytophthora sojae colonization and infection

Adigun

¹

,

Pham

²

,

Nadeem

³

et al. 2021

Preprint

1

0

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Soybean is one of the most cultivated crops globally and a staple food for much of the world's population. The annual global crop losses due to infection by the Phytophthora sojae are currently estimated at approximately $2B USD, yet we have limited understanding of the role of lipid metabolism in the adaptative strategies used to limit infection and crop loss. We employed a multi-modal lipidomics approach to investigate how soybean cultivars remodel their lipid metabolism to successfully limit infection by Phytophthora sojae. Both the tolerant and susceptible soybean cultivars showed alterations in lipid metabolism in response to Phytophthora sojae infection. Relative to non-inoculated controls, induced accumulation of stigmasterol was observed in the susceptible cultivar whereas, induced accumulation of phospholipids and glycerolipids occurred in tolerant soybean cultivar. We have generated a comprehensive metabolic map of susceptible and tolerant soybean root and stem lipid metabolism to identify lipid modulators of host immune or tolerance response to Phytophthora sojae infection and identified potential pathways and unique lipid biomarkers like TG(15:0/22:0/22:5), TG(10:0/10:0/10:0), TG(10:0/10:0/14:0), DG(18:3/18:3), DG(16:0/18:3) and DG(24:0/18:2) as possible targets for the development of future plant protection solutions.

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“…The isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP) and dimethylallyl pyrophosphate (DMAPP) generated via cytosolic mevalonate (MVA) pathway are primarily used for the biosynthesis of phytosterols 65,66 . Our results demonstrate novel information about pathogen-stress responses in the root and stem of both soybean cultivars, which can be put within the broad context of plant lipid metabolism.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant lipid metabolism in response to Phytophthora sojae infection in susceptible and tolerant soybean cultivars

Adigun

¹

,

Pham²,

Nadeem

³

et al. 2021

Preprint

0

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Soybean is one of the most cultivated crops globally and a staple food for much of the world's population. The annual global crop losses due to infection by the Phytophthora sojae are currently estimated at approximately $2B USD, yet we have limited understanding of the role of lipid metabolism in the adaptative strategies used to limit infection and crop loss. We employed a multi-modal lipidomics approach to investigate how soybean cultivars remodel their lipid metabolism to successfully limit infection by Phytophthora sojae. Both the tolerant and susceptible soybean cultivars showed alterations in lipid metabolism in response to Phytophthora sojae infection. Relative to non-inoculated controls, induced accumulation of stigmasterol was observed in the susceptible cultivar whereas, induced accumulation of phospholipids and glycerolipids occurred in tolerant soybean cultivar. We have generated a comprehensive metabolic map of susceptible and tolerant soybean root and stem lipid metabolism to identify lipid modulators of host immune or tolerance response to Phytophthora sojae infection and identified potential pathways and unique lipid biomarkers like TG(15:0/22:0/22:5), TG(10:0/10:0/10:0), TG(10:0/10:0/14:0), DG(18:3/18:3), DG(16:0/18:3) and DG(24:0/18:2) as possible targets for the development of future plant protection solutions.

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The use of mutants and inhibitors to study sterol biosynthesis in plants

Abstract: 3 5

Cited by 3 publications

References 172 publications

Effects of impaired steryl ester biosynthesis on tomato growth and developmental processes

Effects of impaired steryl ester biosynthesis on tomato growth and developmental processes

Plant lipid metabolism in susceptible and tolerant soybean (Glycine max) cultivars in response to Phytophthora sojae colonization and infection

Plant lipid metabolism in response to Phytophthora sojae infection in susceptible and tolerant soybean cultivars

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