The use of nanoparticles as biomaterials in dentistry

Bapat, Ranjeet; Joshi, Chaitanya; Bapat, Prachi R.; Chaubal, Tanay V.; Pandurangappa, Rohit; Jnanendrappa, Naveen; Gorain, Bapi; Khurana, Sukant; Kesharwani, Prashant

doi:10.1016/j.drudis.2018.08.012

Cited by 127 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 96 publications

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“…Dental caries is caused by the destruction of enamel, dentin, and dental pulp [1] due to state of dysbiosis among various bacterial and yeast species present in the buccal cavity. Streptococcus mutans has been reported as one of the primary cariogenic pathogens leading to the biofilm formation (dental plaque) further progressing into carious lesions (dental caries).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterisation of the Interaction among Oil-In-Water Nanocapsules and Mucin

et al. 2020

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Mucins are glycoproteins present in all mucosal surfaces and in secretions such as saliva. Mucins are involved in the mucoadhesion of nanodevices carrying bioactive molecules to their target sites in vivo. Oil-in-water nanocapsules (NCs) have been synthesised for carrying N,N′-(di-m-methylphenyl)urea (DMTU), a quorum-sensing inhibitor, to the oral cavity. DMTU-loaded NCs constitute an alternative for the treatment of plaque (bacterial biofilm). In this work, the stability of the NCs after their interaction with mucin is analysed. Mucin type III from Sigma-Aldrich has been used as the mucin model. Mucin and NCs were characterised by the multi-detection asymmetrical flow field-flow fractionation technique (AF4). Dynamic light scattering (DLS) and ζ-potential analyses were carried out to characterise the interaction between mucin and NCs. According to the results, loading DMTU changes the conformation of the NC. It was also found that the synergistic interaction between mucin and NCs was favoured within a specific range of the mucin:NC ratio within the first 24 h. Studies on the release of DMTU in vitro and the microbial activity of such NCs are ongoing in our lab.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the oral cavity, bacteria and yeast are found in multispecies colonies that are called biofilms [1]. Such biofilms confer protection to the microbial organisms from various adverse environmental conditions such as antibiotics, thus resulting in the development of multi-drug-resistant bacterial species.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterisation of the Interaction among Oil-In-Water Nanocapsules and Mucin

et al. 2020

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“…The small diameter of nanoparticles increases not only its mechanical properties but also its antimicrobial action due to its high surface-volume ratio, causing damage to the cell membranes. Its great advantage and novelty over conventional antimicrobials is the mechanism it uses to deliver the drug [31,46]. In this study, the nanoencapsulated AA at a very low dose prevented S. mutans biofilm formation for 5 days after a single 2-min application.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…In this study, nanoencapsulated AA was demonstrated to be an effective agent against the formation of dental biofilms. The incorporation of nanomaterials can modify the optical, chemical, electrical, and mechanical properties of substances [46]. Regarding AA, a caustic, brown, viscous, and fat-soluble phytochemical with little aggregated value became white, fluid, water-dispersed, and esthetically appropriate for use in the oral cavity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial effect of anacardic acid–loaded zein nanoparticles loaded on Streptococcus mutans biofilms

et al. 2020

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Bacterial biofilms play a key role in the pathogenesis of major oral diseases. Nanoparticles open new paths for drug delivery in complex structures such as biofilms. This study evaluated the antimicrobial effect of zein nanoparticles containing anacardic acid (AA) extracted from cashew shells of Anacardium occidentale on in vitro Streptococcus mutans biofilm formation and mature biofilms. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bacterial concentration (MBC), and antibiofilm assays were performed. Streptococcus mutans UA159 biofilms were formed on saliva-coated hydroxyapatite disk for 5 days. To evaluate the preventive effect on biofilm formation, before contact with the inoculum, the disks were immersed once for 2 min in (1) hydroethanolic solution; (2) blank zein nanoparticles; (3) zein nanoparticles containing AA; and (4) 0.12% chlorhexidine gluconate. To determine the effect against mature biofilms, the disks containing 5-day preformed biofilms were further treated using the same procedure. The bacterial viability and dry weight were determined for both assays and used to compare the groups using ANOVA followed by Tukey's test (p < 0.05). Both MIC and MBC for AA-loaded zein nanoparticles were 0.36 μg/mL. Groups 3 and 4 were very effective in inhibiting S. mutans biofilm formation, as no colony-forming units were detected. In contrast, for mature biofilms, no difference in bacterial viability (p = 0.28) or dry weight (p = 0.09) was found between the treatments. Therefore, the AA-based nanoformulation presented very high inhibitory and bactericidal activities against planktonic S. mutans, and the results indicate a strong antiplaque effect. However, the formulation showed no antimicrobial effect on the established biofilm.

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“…Though, a number of endodontic irrigants are being widely used in the treatment of biofilms however, the current trend is towards identification of natural products in disinfection, Propolis, a natural product has also been attempted as an endodontic irigant in the recent past and shown to be effective against E. faecalis [20,21] and its antibacterial effect has been attributed to its chemical composition [22]. There has been an increasing interest to use nanoparticles in clinical endodontics due to its enhanced drug stability, treatment efficacy and penetration power compared to a pure drug solution [23][24][25]. Nanoparticles with their unique physicochemical properties, such as ultrasmall sizes, large surface area/mass ratio, and increased chemical reactivity, have led research toward new prospects of treating and preventing dental infections [23].…”

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confidence: 99%

Antibacterial effect of propolis nanoparticles against Enterococcus faecalis biofilm in the root canal

Parolia

Kumar

Ramamurthy

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Background: To determine the antibacterial effect of propolis nanoparticles (PNs) as an endodontic irrigant against Enterococcus faecalis biofilm in root canal. Methods: PNs were prepared by ultrasonication and the particle size distribution and polydispersity index were determined by dynamic light scattering using Zetasizer Nano S90. 210 extracted human teeth were sectioned to obtain 6mm of the middle third of the root. The root canal was enlarged to an internal diameter of 0.9mm. The specimens were inoculated with E. faecalis for 21 days. Following this, specimens were randomly divided into seven groups having 30 dentinal blocks in each group including group I: saline, group II: propolis 100µg/ml, group III: propolis 300µg/ml, group IV: propolis nanoparticle 100µg/ml, group V: propolis nanoparticle 300µg/ml, group VI: 6% sodium hypochlorite, group VII: 2% chlorhexidine. Dentine shavings were collected at 200 and 400 μm depths, and total numbers of CFUs were determined at the end of one, five, and ten minutes. The non-parametric Kruskal Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests were used to compare the differences in reduction of CFUs between all groups and probability values of P < 0.05 were set as the reference for statistically significant results. The scanning electron microscope and confocal laser scanning microscopy were also performed after exposure to PNs. Results: PN300 was significantly more effective in reducing CFUs compared to all other groups (p <0.05) except 6% NaOCl and 2% CHX (p >0.05) at all-time intervals and both depths. At five minutes, 6% NaOCl and 2 % CHX were the most effective in reducing CFUs (p <0.05) however, no significant difference was found in between PN300, 6% NaOCl and 2 % CHX at 10 minutes (p >0.05). SEM images also showed the maximum reduction of E. faecalis with PN300, 6% NaOCl and 2% CHX (>90 %) at five and ten minutes. CLSM images showed the number of dead cells in dentin was highest with PN300 (>90%) compared to PN100 (>40%) and saline (all live cells). Conclusion: PN300 was equally effective as 6% NaOCl, and 2% CHX in reducing E. faecalis CFUs after one minute, five and ten minutes at both depths.

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The use of nanoparticles as biomaterials in dentistry

Cited by 127 publications

References 96 publications

Characterisation of the Interaction among Oil-In-Water Nanocapsules and Mucin

Characterisation of the Interaction among Oil-In-Water Nanocapsules and Mucin

Antimicrobial effect of anacardic acid–loaded zein nanoparticles loaded on Streptococcus mutans biofilms

Antibacterial effect of propolis nanoparticles against Enterococcus faecalis biofilm in the root canal

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