The use of nanoparticles for targeted drug delivery in non-small cell lung cancer

Abstract

Lung cancer is a global health problem affecting millions of people each year. Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common form of lung cancer with various conventional treatment available in the clinic. Application of these treatments alone often results in high rates of cancer reoccurrence and metastasis. In addition, they can cause damage to healthy tissues, resulting in many adverse effects. Nanotechnology has emerged as a modality for the treatment of cancer. When used in combination with nanoparticles, it is possible to improve the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles of pre-existing drugs used in cancer treatment. Nanoparticles have physiochemical properties such as small size which allowing passage through challenging areas of the body, and large surface area allows for higher doses of drugs to be brought to the tumor site. Nanoparticles can be functionalized which involves modifying the surface chemistry of the particles and allows for the conjugation of ligands (small molecules, antibodies, and peptides). Ligands can be chosen for their ability to target components that are specific to or are upregulated in cancer cells, such as targeting receptors on the tumor surface that are highly expressed in the cancer. This ability to precisely target the tumor can improve the efficacy of drugs and decrease toxic side effects. This review will discuss approaches used for targeting drugs to tumors using nanoparticles, provide examples of how this has been applied in the clinic and highlight future prospects for this technology.

Advancing clinical cancer care: Unveiling the power of surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy

“…107,108 This approach improves drug bioavailability, reduces side effects, and enables drug aggregation in the tumor region. 109 Moreover, SERS can be utilized for photothermal therapy through the nanophotothermal effect. By combining photosensitizers with metal nanoparticles, SERS generates a localized thermal effect upon light excitation, effectively eliminating tumor cells.…”

“…By incorporating specific targeting molecules onto the surface of metal nanoparticles, SERS enables the delivery of drugs directly to cancer cells 107,108 . This approach improves drug bioavailability, reduces side effects, and enables drug aggregation in the tumor region 109 . Moreover, SERS can be utilized for photothermal therapy through the nanophotothermal effect.…”

Cellular Distribution and Intracellular Localization of Different Sizes of Fluorescent Thiol-Organosilica Particles in Mouse Lungs

“…Nanotechnology has emerged as a therapeutic modality for lung diseases. Multifunctional nanoparticles are expected to circumvent the limitations associated with the use of current medicines and have been used for the management of lung diseases, including pneumonia, lung fibrosis, and lung cancer. − Drug delivery to the lungs via nanoparticle inhalation is a less invasive and targeted approach for lung diseases. Inhaled particles interact with and are cleared by mucus in the airways and macrophages in the alveoli.…”

Short Antiangiogenic MMP-2 Peptide-Decorated Conjugated Linoleic Acid-Coated SPIONs for Targeted Paclitaxel Delivery in an A549 Cell Xenograft Mouse Tumor Model

“…However, no studies have explored the similar application of CTT in NSCLC targeted therapy; thus, it was a suitable choice for this investigation for targeting MMP-2 and halting tumor angiogenesis. Evidently, various nanosystems that have been investigated for drug delivery in NSCLC therapy are mainly affected by nonspecificity, physicochemical instability, poor bioavailability, and adverse drug effects, leading to poor therapeutic efficacy. , As such, our CTT nanosystem was set to overcome these challenges.…”

“…Evidently, various nanosystems that have been investigated for drug delivery in NSCLC therapy are mainly affected by nonspecificity, physicochemical instability, poor bioavailability, and adverse drug effects, leading to poor therapeutic efficacy. 2,19 As such, our CTT nanosystem was set to overcome these challenges. Previously, we formulated and characterized a nanosystem comprising superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) coated with trans-10, cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid (10E, 12Z CLA) and loaded with paclitaxel (PTX) (selfassemble) to yield a potent PTX nanovector which exhibited enhanced PTX killing effect in lung adenocarcinoma cell lines.…”