The Use of Natural Gas for Reduction of Metal Oxides: Constraints and Prospects

Ostrovski, Oleg

doi:10.1002/9781118889657.ch52

Cited by 1 publication

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References 9 publications

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“…5 Natural gas, which is rich in methane (CH 4 ), is a more sustainable alternative reductant for metal and ferromanganese production in comparison with metallurgical coke and, therefore, there has been a significant research interest in using this reductant. 2,3,6,7 However, the application of natural gas at elevated temperatures yields CO and H 2 gas mixtures and the reduction by these gases cannot proceed beyond MnO, and this has been the basis for many researchers to use natural gas for the prereduction of the ore as reviewed previously. 3 Regarding the fact that MnO can be reduced to metallic manganese through a carbothermic reduction via chemical reaction 1 and the produced CO gas is enough to reduce higher Mn oxides to MnO via chemical reactions 2−4, the application of a prereduction unit based on natural gas use to treat Mn ores is not advantageous from the reducing agent supply point of view.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Duplex Process to Produce Ferromanganese and Direct Reduced Iron by Natural Gas

Safarian

2021

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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The application of natural gas instead of solid carbon to produce ferromanganese is a way forward in sustainable development. Mass and energy balances for an integrated duplex process to produce ferromanganese and direct reduced iron (DRI) by natural gas were studied. The process consists of natural gas injection into molten ferromanganese yielding carbon and hydrogen in which the dissolved carbon into the molten metal bath reduces MnO from a coexisting molten slag that is produced from the smelting of manganese ore. Hydrogen and CO gases reduce solid manganese oxides and iron oxides in the Mn ore to MnO and Fe in the ferromanganese reactor burden. A hot gas with a significant amount of CO and H 2 leaves the reactor and is upgraded to a rich CO−H 2 gas mixture via methane use in a gas reformer. The obtained highly reducing gas is then used to reduce iron ore in a direct reduction reactor for DRI production, while the DRI reactor process gas is partly looped into the gas reformer and the rest is used in an energy recovery unit for electric power generation for the ferromanganese reactor. It is shown that the presented duplex process is more sustainable than the current commercial ferromanganese production process and its application is accompanied by about 50% less electric energy consumption and about 40% less CO 2 emission, excluding the source of electricity.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Duplex Process to Produce Ferromanganese and Direct Reduced Iron by Natural Gas

Safarian

2021

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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The Use of Natural Gas for Reduction of Metal Oxides: Constraints and Prospects

Cited by 1 publication

References 9 publications

Duplex Process to Produce Ferromanganese and Direct Reduced Iron by Natural Gas

Duplex Process to Produce Ferromanganese and Direct Reduced Iron by Natural Gas

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