The use of oral benzodiazepines as premedications: the usefulness of temazepam

Kanto, J.

doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1986.tb08993.x

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…In relatively high doses, this may take the form of amnesia. The occurrence of blackouts', or complete loss of memory during a period of drinking is a well-known warning-signal for excessive ethanol consumption (Anthenelli et al, 1994); and the amnesia produced by benzodiazepines when used for sedation prior to surgery or for invasive procedures is a widely-reported Ð and welcomed Ð side eect of their use (Dundee and Haslett, 1970;George and Dundee, 1977;Kanto, 1986).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of ethanol and temazepam on episodic and semantic memory: a dose-response comparison

Tiplady

Harding

McLean

et al. 1999

Hum. Psychopharmacol. Clin. Exp.

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Drug-induced memory impairment is most apparent for long-term memory, but it is unclear whether this eect is restricted to episodic memory with no eect on semantic memory. Here we compare how the formation of new semantic and episodic memories are aected by ethanol and temazepam. Eighteen subjects (12 male, 6 female; age 19±43 years; weight 52±104 kg) took part in ®ve sessions in which they received by mouth, in random order: (E2) ethanol, 0 . 8 g/kg, maximum 60 g males, 50 g females; (E1) ethanol, 75 per cent of the dose for E1; (T2) temazepam 20 mg; (T1) temazepam 15 mg; (P) placebo. They carried out a series of tests including learning of invented`facts, a measure of the acquisition of new semantic memory; the Buschke test, a measure of short-and long-term learning of words; Digit±Symbol substitution, a measure of psychomotor speed; and Visual Analogue Scales. Both acquisition of new semantic memory and the long-term measure from the Buschke were impaired by both drugs. The eects of ethanol were more marked than those of temazepam for the memory tests at the doses used here, particularly for the Buschke. Psychomotor impairment as assessed by Digit±Symbol substitution speed was equally aected by both drugs. Subjects rated themselves more drunk on ethanol than on temazepam, but drowsiness was similar for the two drugs. These results show that both drugs impair the acquisition of new semantic memory as well as new episodic memory, and suggest that it is new long-term memory formation that is impaired by these drugs and not the formation of a speci®c type of memory, such as episodic memory.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of ethanol and temazepam on episodic and semantic memory: a dose-response comparison

Tiplady

Harding

McLean

et al. 1999

Hum. Psychopharmacol. Clin. Exp.

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“…There are clear and clinically significant differences in the onset and duration of action (7,25), but it is qUite difficult to suggest the most preferable derivative for a specific indication. Lorazepam and flunitrazepam appear to be long-acting and diazepam and rnidazolam short-acting agents following a single clinical dose, but are their different pharmacological actions dose-dependent?…”

Section: Benzodiazepinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmacological premedication for anaesthesia

Kanto¹,

Watanabe

Namiki

1996

Acta Anaesthesiol Scand

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The psychological component of preoperative preparation should be completed with a selective use of drugs. The days of poly-pharmacy are over. Heavily sedated patients coming to the operation room with minimal oral secretions are not the purpose of modern premedication. Anxiolysis and slight sedation (painless patients) and analgesia (patients suffering from pain) are the main goals. Anticholinergics should be used only when needed, as is the case with premedication generally. The use of antiemetics and that of agents given for prophylaxis against allergic reactions or aspiration pneumonitis depend on specific needs of the patient. More accurate and generally accepted but simple methods are needed in Address:

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“…Zolpidem, a new imidazo-pyridine hypnotic, acts like a benzodiazepine [2][3][4][5], In clinical practice, benzodiaze pines are used to induce sedation and decrease anxiety [7], Therefore these drugs are suitable for anesthesiologi cal premedication [1,8,9], While there are no results on anxiolytic effects of zolpidem and zopiclon (a pharmaco dem are reached in about l .5 h. The elimination half-life is about 2.5 h. Although zolpidem is metabolized in the liver, no induction of liver enzymes is found due to the metabo lism of zolpidem. Furthermore, the metabolism of zolpi dem itself was not changed by comedication with phenothiazines, as for example chlorpromazine [ 12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mood Effects of Zolpidem versus Phenobarbital Combined with Promethazine in an Anesthesiological Setting

Uhlig

Hüppe²,

Nidermaier³

et al. 1996

Neuropsychobiology

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Zolpidem, a new imidazo-pyridine hypnotic, acts like a benzodiazepine. Because of its short half-life, zolpidem plays a special role in the group of drugs suitable for anesthesiological premedication because of its sedative and anxiolytic effects. The study compared preanesthesiological treatment by zolpidem and phenobarbital in combination with promethazine in a clinical setting. In a double-blind randomized design, 304 patients awaiting different kinds of surgery were studied. For the assessment of emotional states, a multidimensional rating scale was administered. The study showed differing effects of zolpidem and phenobarbital, which could be demonstrated in the scales ‘irritation’, ‘vulnerability’, and ‘aggression’ and could therefore represent in domain hostility. In most of the other scales there were similar effects of phenobarbital and zolpidem. Assuming that phenobarbital is a potent sedative, the reported results confirm the results found by other authors, that zolpidem also acts as a sedative. The reported results describe promethazine as selectively deactivating. These results are in agreement with the findings of an experimental study which tested the acute effects of stress under promethazine.

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The use of oral benzodiazepines as premedications: the usefulness of temazepam

Cited by 8 publications

References 42 publications

Effects of ethanol and temazepam on episodic and semantic memory: a dose-response comparison

Effects of ethanol and temazepam on episodic and semantic memory: a dose-response comparison

Pharmacological premedication for anaesthesia

Mood Effects of Zolpidem versus Phenobarbital Combined with Promethazine in an Anesthesiological Setting

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