The use of osmoregulators and antioxidants to mitigate the adverse impacts of salinity stress in diploid and tetraploid potato genotypes (Solanum spp.)

Abstract

Background Many arid and semi-arid areas endure from extensive salinization of agricultural land. Nevertheless, it must either develop salinity-tolerant varieties or use agronomic treatments to alleviate the symptoms of stress. Although the cultivated potato, Solanum tuberosum L., is relatively salt sensitive, salinity tolerance was demonstrated in several Solanum relatives. Knowledge of genetic variation for salinity tolerance across diverse species is required for breeding of salinity-tolerant cultivars. Higher osmotic pressures associated with salinity impede plant development and cause plant death; yet, the exogenous application of cellularly recognized molecules to withstand such stress might be a key method. Results In vitro studies were performed to determine how much genetic variability for salinity tolerance exists in S. tuberosum (tbr), a tetraploid species and S. chacoense (chc), a diploid species in which 13 genotypes were evaluated under 100, 200 or 300 mmol L−1 NaCl and the average tested parameters were compared with the control (no stress). A further experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of exogenous application of osmoregulators and antioxidants, namely, glycine betaine (GB), proline (P) and salicylic acid (SA) at 400, 200 and 100 mg L−1, respectively, which applied solely to counteract the harmful effect of stress on potato plants. The results showed that when plants exposed to salinity, root characteristics, plantlet water content % (PWC), chlorophyll and K+ content, and callus formation all substantially reduced; however, Cl− and Na+ levels, as well as catalase and peroxidase activity, were elevated. In general, chc showed more tolerance compared to tbr with genetic diversity within and among species. Under stress, chc clones, ‘A-6’, ‘C-8’ and ‘D-2’ and tbr cultivars, ‘Diamond’ and ‘Russet Burbank’ were more tolerant and yielded the greatest salinity tolerance index. Under stress but with applied GB, SA and P, the adverse consequences of stress were relieved. GB was found to be a good treatment for enhancing all the examined traits. Conclusion The results indicated that there is a significant genetic variation in salt tolerance between (tbr) cultivars and (chc) clones. GB followed by SA and P could completely or partly reverse the adverse impact of salinity stress on potato plants. Graphical Abstract

Glutathione improves low temperature stress tolerance in pusa sheetal cultivar of Solanum lycopersicum

“…This study also indicates that GSH treatment has protective roles in lessening the toxic effects of LT on the growth and development of S. lycopersicum . It has been already reported that osmoregulators and antioxidants have a defined role in imparting abiotic stress tolerance like salinity stress 31 Moreover, the absorptive surface area of root (Fig. 8 ) were considerably elevated in GSH-supplied plants than in control and LT plants.…”

Investigation of salinity tolerance to different cultivars of highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) grown in vitro

“…Similar results were observed at Solanum tuberosum, Oryza Sativa, Zea mays and Fragaria x ananassa cvs. (Carpıcı et al, 2009;Chunthaburee et al, 2016;Denaxa et al, 2022;Zaki and Radwan, 2022a).…”

“…In vitro determination of salinity tolerance and morphological changes occurring under salt stresses were studied for different species grown in vitro, as follows: Lycopersicon esculentum (Amini et al, 2007), Crithmum maritimum (Grigoriadou and Maloupa, 2008), Citrus macrophylla (Pérez-Tornero et al, 2009), Solanum sp. (Khenifi et al, 2011;Zaki and Yokoi, 2016;Molnár et al, 2021;Zaki and Radwan, 2022a;Ortega-Albero et al, 2023), Saccharum spp. (Passamani et al, 2017), Stevia rebaudiana (Javed and Gürel, 2019), Spinacia oleracea (Muchate et al, 2019), Triticum turgidum (Ami et al, 2020), Antigonon leptopus (El-Zaiat et al, 2020), Olea europaea (Bashir et al, 2021), Pfaffia glomerata (Fortini et al, 2023), Cicer arietinum (Aasim et al, 2023), Ficus carica (Granata et al, 2023).…”

A Review of Potato Salt Tolerance

“…Wang [ 235 ] (2021) used the diploid salt-sensitive material HS66 and salt-tolerant material CE125 to construct salt-tolerant isolates and identified six highly salt-tolerant strains, including P3-403, P3-361, P3-563, P3-441, P3-482 and P3-394. Zaki and Radwan [ 236 ] (2022) examined the salt tolerance of diploid clones and found that PI 275136-6, PI 537025-8 and PI 566738-2 had the highest salt tolerance index in sodium salt screening. For agricultural production, the clones with high salt tolerance can be transplanted to the field and tested for 2n pollen production after flowering.…”