The use of plant volatiles for host location by an ash (Fraxinus) specialist, Caloptilia fraxinella

Wist, Tyler; Gries, Regine; Evenden, Maya L.

doi:10.1007/s00049-014-0166-1

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Many studies have shown that only a small subset (10 compounds or fewer) of volatile compounds is used by insects for host location, although plant volatiles can contain hundreds of components 3 4 5 . Thus, a blend of few plant volatile compounds can be as attractive as host plant volatiles to herbivores 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 . Pests may recognize the host plant based on volatiles that are either species-specific compounds or species-specific blends, in which some compounds are ubiquitous and the specific proportions of compounds are important 3 4 .…”

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“…The odour from the main crop can mask the point-releasing volatiles from attractants, thereby disrupting the attractiveness of attractants to the target pest 34 . If the components of the attractant and the crop volatiles overlap, the faint odour from 50 or 100 mg attractant (pure synthetic compounds) will not provide a distinct signal 11 . It was reported that the Manduca sexta moth’s ability to correctly navigate to Datura wrightii flower odour significantly decreased when the background odour contained benzaldehyde or creosote bush volatiles, which overlapped with the odour from D. wrightii flowers 35 .…”

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Field background odour should be taken into account when formulating a pest attractant based on plant volatiles

Cai

Bian

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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Attractants for pest monitoring and controlling can be developed based on plant volatiles. Previously, we showed that tea leafhopper (Empoasca onukii) preferred grapevine, peach plant, and tea plant odours to clean air. In this research, we formulated three blends with similar attractiveness to leafhoppers as peach, grapevine, and tea plant volatiles; these blends were composed of (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate, (E)-ocimene, (E)-4,8-dimethyl-1,3,7-nonatriene, benzaldehyde, and ethyl benzoate. Based on these five compounds, we developed two attractants, formula-P and formula-G. The specific component relative to tea plant volatiles in formula-P was benzaldehyde, and that in formula-G was ethyl benzoate. These two compounds played a role in attracting leafhoppers. In laboratory assays, the two attractants were more attractive than tea plant volatiles to the leafhoppers, and had a similar level of attractiveness. However, the leafhoppers were not attracted to formula-P in the field. A high concentration of benzaldehyde was detected in the background odour of the tea plantations. In laboratory tests, benzaldehyde at the field concentration was attractive to leafhoppers. Our results indicate that the field background odour can interfere with a point-releasing attractant when their components overlap, and that a successful attractant must differ from the field background odour.

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Field background odour should be taken into account when formulating a pest attractant based on plant volatiles

Cai

Bian

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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“…Adults undergo a summer aestivation and overwinter away from their ash hosts in an unmated state. In the spring, adults emerge from overwintering locations in a reproductively active state, which is followed by mating, and then females orient to (Wist et al , ) and oviposit on newly flushed ash leaflets (Pohl et al , ).…”

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Size and protein content of accessory glands in adult male Caloptilia fraxinella in different physiological states

2016

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Reproductive diapause is a strategy employed by some insects to coordinate reproduction with the appropriate environmental conditions for mate location and offspring development. Male Caloptilia fraxinella Ely (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) eclose in July in reproductive diapause, and remain unmated until May of the next year, when they emerge from overwintering sites in a reproductively active state. The present study assesses characteristics of male sex accessory glands (SAG) throughout the adult life stage when males are reproductively active and in early and late reproductive diapause. Male SAG are longer and positively correlate with moth body size when males are reproductively active in the spring compared with males in reproductive diapause in the summer and autumn. Male SAG also contain significantly more protein during the period of reproductive activity than during reproductive diapause. Access to a carbohydrate nutrition source does not impact male SAG length or protein concentration when males are reproductively active in the spring. Treatment with a Juvenile Hormone analogue in the autumn, but not the summer, tends to increase the total protein concentration compared with that of untreated control moths.

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State-Dependent Plasticity in Response to Host-Plant Volatiles in a Long-Lived Moth, Caloptilia fraxinella (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae)

2018

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Volatile chemicals produced by plants mediate host location, mate-finding and oviposition behavior in insects. State-dependent response to plant cues allows for timing of foraging, mating and oviposition on ephemeral host plants or plant parts. Caloptilia fraxinella is a herbivorous specialist on the foliage of ash trees (Fraxinus). Adults are long-lived and undergo a nine-month reproductive diapause over the fall and winter. Mating and oviposition occur in the spring when volatile chemicals released by ash leaves mediate host location. This study tested the plasticity of olfactory response of C. fraxinella to host plant volatiles using both electroantennogram and behavioral bioassays. The effect of moth physiological state on olfactory response was tested on male and female moths in different nutritional, mating, and diapause states. Antennal responses to host plant volatiles were plastic and depended on moth physiological state, and were highest when moths were reproductively active and would be seeking oviposition hosts. Moth sex and nutritional status also impacted antennal response to host plant volatiles. Oriented flight of females to ash seedlings varied with physiological state and nutritional status, with fed, reproductively active females having the highest response. Physiological state impacted oriented flight of males to female-produced sex pheromone signals whether or not a host plant was present, and there was no increase in behavioral response to sex pheromone in the presence of an ash host.

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The use of plant volatiles for host location by an ash (Fraxinus) specialist, Caloptilia fraxinella

Cited by 7 publications

References 52 publications

Field background odour should be taken into account when formulating a pest attractant based on plant volatiles

Field background odour should be taken into account when formulating a pest attractant based on plant volatiles

Size and protein content of accessory glands in adult male Caloptilia fraxinella in different physiological states

State-Dependent Plasticity in Response to Host-Plant Volatiles in a Long-Lived Moth, Caloptilia fraxinella (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae)

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