The use of platelet-rich plasma in medicine with particular reference to dentistry and aesthetic medicine

Abstract

StreszczenieWprowadzenie. Autogenne osocze bogatopłytkowe (PRP) znajduje zastosowanie w wielu dziedzinach medycyny, w szczególności ortopedii i medycynie estetycznej. Ponadto coraz prężniej wkracza w zakres zainteresowań stomatologów. PRP jest skutecznie stosowany jako środek pomocniczy w periodontologii, implantologii, a także chirurgii szczękowo-twarzowej. Ze względu na obecność licznych czynników wzrostu przyspiesza proces regeneracji i gojenia tkanek, a także poprawia mikrokrążenie. Jest preparatem autogennym, dlatego nie niesie ze sobą ryzyka alergii oraz działań niepożądanych.

The mechanism of action of platelet-rich plasma – composition analysis and safety assessment

“…The feature common to all methods is the attempt to reverse the ratio of red blood cells to platelets in relation to peripheral whole blood. A clearly demarcated PLT concentrate from morphotic blood elements is then obtained [4]. The condition for the effective conduct of the procedure is to meet the sterility requirements and to choose the appropriate specialized centrifuge.…”

“…The specialist who performs the procedure begins by collecting blood into a test tube containing sodium citrate -used as an anticoagulant -so that the collected blood will not clot [3][4][5][6][7].…”

“…Source: own study All stages of preparation of the treatment material, including the amount of blood collected (from 9 to 120 ml), depend on the manufacturer of the equipment, the specialist performing the procedure and on indications for therapy [1]. The amount of blood collected depends primarily on the size of the area covered by the treatment -less blood is needed for the face (about 20 ml) than for the face, neck, and décolleté area [4]. Subsequently, with the use of a centrifuge, the fraction obtained from the venous blood is separated by thrombophoresis [8].…”

“…The procedure consists in centrifugation at the speed, time and number of repetitions recommended by the manufacturer of the device, which affects the qualitative and quantitative composition of the plasma. By way of appropriate centrifugation parameters, it is possible to separate the platelet concentrate under the influence of centrifugal force and in accordance with the rules of physics -heavier products sink to the bottom [3,4,6,8]. After centrifugation, there are three separate layers in the tube.…”

“…The first -the heaviest -is the erythrocyte fraction, the second -the middle -is platelet-rich plasma (platelets), and the third, or upper layer, is platelet poor plasma, called PPP (Platelet Poor Plasma). Particular fractions are separated from each other manually by pipetting or, via sedimentation gel, by partitions in the form of a buoy or a float [4,8].…”