The Use of Polymers in the Flotation Treatment of Wastewater

Bolto, B.A.; Xie, Zongli

doi:10.3390/pr7060374

Cited by 31 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 54 publications

(56 reference statements)

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“…Non-governmental organisations and international and national authorities, such as Surfider Foundation Europe and United Nations Environment Program Mediterranean Action Plan, were also involved in the practice or implementation of circular economy systems, and coastal and marine debris management (Agamuthu et al 2019;Camins et al 2020). Other efforts to alleviate microplastic pollution also include research on the application of water treatment systems and microbial degradation or biosynthesis of plastic-like material (Amelia et al 2019;Bolto and Xie 2019;Hu et al 2019;Ngo et al 2019;Raju et al 2018;Sun et al 2019;Talvitie et al 2017;Zhang et al 2020a;Zhang and Chen 2020). Additionally, the fundamental research on plastic cannot be ignored as an in-depth understanding of microplastic characterisation based on its polymer type and morphology is needed to identify the most to the least environmentally harmful types of microplastic.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Marine microplastics as vectors of major ocean pollutants and its hazards to the marine ecosystem and humans

Amelia

Khalik

Ong

et al. 2021

Prog Earth Planet Sci

330

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Microplastic pollutes water, land, air, and groundwater environments not only visually but also ecologically for plants, animals, and humans. Microplastic has been reported to act as vectors by sorbing pollutants and contributing to the bioaccumulation of pollutants, particularly in marine ecosystems, organisms, and subsequently food webs. The inevitable exposure of microplastic to humans emphasises the need to review the potential effects, exposure pathways, and toxicity of microplastic toward human health. Therefore, this review was aimed to reveal the risks of pollutant sorption and bioaccumulation by microplastic toward humans, as well as the dominant types of pollutants sorbed by microplastic, and the types of pollutants that are bioaccumulated by microplastic in the living organisms of the marine ecosystem. The possible factors influencing the sorption and bioaccumulation of pollutants by microplastic in marine ecosystems were also reviewed. The review also revealed the prevailing types of microplastic, abundance of microplastic, and geographical distribution of microplastic in the aquatic environment globally. The literature review revealed that microplastic characteristics, chemical interactions, and water properties played a role in the sorption of pollutants by microplastic. The evidence of microplastic posing a direct medical threat to humans is still lacking albeit substantial literature has reported the health hazards of microplastic-associated monomers, additives, and pollutants. This review recommends future research on the existing knowledge gaps in microplastic research, which include the toxicity of microplastic, particularly to humans, as well as the factors influencing the sorption and bioaccumulation of pollutants by microplastic.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Marine microplastics as vectors of major ocean pollutants and its hazards to the marine ecosystem and humans

Amelia

Khalik

Ong

et al. 2021

Prog Earth Planet Sci

330

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“…Various types of chemicals and water treatment agents are used for purifying water and sewage. Thus, coagulants and flocculants play the most important role in the field of waste water treatment [ 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 ]. However, simple coagulants and flocculating agents require high doses, which increase costs of the purification process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They must be dosed in the right order to keep their proper effectiveness. Conventional coagulants are based on inorganic particles whereas flocculants are organic polymeric compounds [ 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 ]. Unfortunately, during application of traditional waste water treatment agents the remaining of metal ions originating from inorganic coagulants and unreacted monomers from polymeric compounds are of major concern [ 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and Characterization of Novel Hybrid Flocculants Based on Potato Starch Copolymers with Hollow Carbon Spheres

2021

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Novel carbon nanofiller-based starch-g-polyacrylamide hybrid flocculation materials (St-PAM-CS) were in situ prepared using potato starch (St), acrylamide (AM), and hollow mesoporous carbon spheres (CSs; diameters of 300–400 nm). Structures of different St-PAM-CS systems were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-Ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), laser scanning microscopy (LSM), and particle size analysis. The flocculation tests were evaluated by removing high turbidity kaolin suspension—initial absorbance 1.84. The effect of the St to AM molar ratio, doses, and content of CSs in hybrids on flocculation efficiency were examined. Satisfactory flocculation efficiency was obtained for all hybrids with 1 wt.% of the CS component. The highest reduction of the kaolin suspension absorbance (to 0.06) was observed for a 3 mL dose of the starch hybrid with the highest AM content. Additionally, St-PAM-CS showed a reduction in the sludge volume in time. The hybrids reached better flocculation efficiency in relation to the reference systems without CSs. The proposed flocculation mechanism (considering bridging, patching, and formation of hydrogen bonds) has been confirmed by the recorded results.

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“…Dissolved air flotation (DAF) is a very efficient treatment technology for the removal of suspended matter, either oil and grease or solids (Edzwald and Haarhoff, 2011;Bolto and Xie, 2019). Internal water reuse after DAF is the most common alternative used in paper mills to reduce fresh water consumption (Hubbe et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A variety of coagulants have been used in DAF systems including alum, ferric chloride, polyaluminum chloride (PAC), polyamine (PA), polydiallyldimethylammonium chloride (PDADMAC), chitosan, etc. (Ordaz-Díaz et al, 2017;Bolto and Xie, 2019). Aluminum based coagulants are generally the most versatile and widely used.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding the Efficiency of Aluminum Coagulants Used in Dissolved Air Flotation (DAF)

2020

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This paper reports on the efficiency of five aluminum coagulants for the treatment of a paper mill wastewater by dissolved air flotation (DAF). The coagulants studied were: alum, a polyaluminum chloride coagulant of high aluminum content and intermediate basicity (PAC-MB), another with intermediate aluminum content and high basicity (PAC-HB), a polyaluminum nitrate sulfate of intermediate aluminum content and basicity (PANS) and one hybrid coagulant formed by the combination of PANS and a mixture of polyamines (PANS-PA). The influence of Al speciation on contaminants removal and the main flocculation mechanisms involved have been analyzed. High removal of suspended solids together with significant removal of dissolved and colloidal material (COD and silica) were obtained, which is required for extended reuse of this process water. PAC-HB was the best product for removing suspended solids (85%) and soluble silica (50%) with a rather limited COD removal (5%), while PANS-PA obtained high turbidity (90%) and silica removal (45%) together with a significant soluble COD removal (15%). Monomeric Al (Al a , Al m) was more efficient in removing suspended solids and soluble COD than polymeric or colloidal Al (Al c , Al u), but the latter was more efficient in removing soluble silica. Results demonstrated that the main flocculation mechanism varies with the aluminum dosage, being predominantly charge neutralization at low dosages and sweep flocculation at high dosages. The floc strength factor however, was very high and similar for all the coagulants and dosages tested (85-90%), as it was mainly determined by the behavior of the pre-flocculated suspended solids present in wastewater. The reflocculation factor varied from 45 to 75% at the lowest dosages to almost zero at the highest dosages, confirming the transition from charge neutralization to sweep flocculation. The flocs formed by PANS-PA had lower strength than the others and it decreased with the dosage while its reflocculation factor was almost zero, even at low dosages. Due to the polyamines present in this coagulant, its flocculation mechanism is through both charge neutralization and patch formation, especially at low dosages, and sweep flocculation and interparticle bridge formation at high dosages.

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The Use of Polymers in the Flotation Treatment of Wastewater

Cited by 31 publications

References 54 publications

Marine microplastics as vectors of major ocean pollutants and its hazards to the marine ecosystem and humans

Marine microplastics as vectors of major ocean pollutants and its hazards to the marine ecosystem and humans

Synthesis and Characterization of Novel Hybrid Flocculants Based on Potato Starch Copolymers with Hollow Carbon Spheres

Understanding the Efficiency of Aluminum Coagulants Used in Dissolved Air Flotation (DAF)

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