The Use of Pre-Heated Black Cumin Seeds (<i>Nigella sativa</i>) for Sorption Basic Dyes from Aqueous Solutions

Abstract

The discharge of industrial effluents containing dyes such as methylene blue (MB) and safranine T (ST) into water resources has caused serious problems for humans and organisms which live in water. On the other hand, the seeds of nigella sativa have been known to be effective and economical materials that present an excellent performance of dye removal from various types of wastewater. In this study, a different method from the existing literature was used, where the black cumin seeds (HBCS) were heated for a twenty-four hour period at 85 °C and ground to 300 µm particle size to obtain new adsorbents for (MB) and (ST) dye adsorption from aqueous solutions. Four operating variables, which show a strong impact on adsorption, were tested by conducting a batch mode adsorption experiment and these were: the dye solution's initial pH (pH), the contact time (t), the initial concentration of the dye (C o ), and the mass of the adsorbent (m a ). The sorption capacity of the adsorbent (q) and the dye removal efficiency (% Rem) were utilized as indicators of the impacts of selected operating variables on adsorption processes. It was found that the adsorption of MB and ST dyes increased when the initial concentration of the solution is higher. The adsorption of MB and ST dyes onto HBCS with initial concentration of 50 mg/L was 3.39 mg/g and 4.36 mg/g, respectively. The equilibrium values for the MB and ST dyes corresponded with the Freundlich isotherm model onto HBCS highlighting the multi-layer adsorption process occurring which describes the interactions between the modified HBCS and the two dyes. The findings demonstrate that the optimum adsorption processes of the MB and ST dyes accrued in the 120 minutes and obtained at pH 10.7 and 11 for MB and ST, respectively. These conditions provide a negative charge for the surface of HBCS, causing its attraction to the positive charge of the MB and ST dyes. Kinetic studies elucidated that the MB and ST dyes adsorption onto HBCS most corresponded with pseudo-second order. The findings of this study could be implemented functionally in the industrial wastewater treatment sector.

Peanut Shell as a Natural Adsorbent for the Removal of Acid Blue 25 from Aqueous Solution

“…As the amount of adsorbent is increased, more accessible adsorption sites become available, enhancing the 8 removal efficiency (Al-Ghoutiand Al-Absi, 2020;Hassan et al, 2021). Also, adsorption process improvement as 9 sorbent dose increases may possibly be ascribed to enhanced surface area and more adsorption sites could be 10 increased.…”

“…Many different industries employ dyes, including textile, rubber, paper, cosmetic, pharmaceutical, and many other industries, to give a certain color to their products. Those industries which are discharging wastewater with different dye concentrations to water resources constitute an important source of pollution to aquatic system (Katheresan et al, 2018;Hassan et al, 2021).…”

“…Due to the significant economic expense, many researchers are focusing on finding less expensive materials and economical adsorbents for use in wastewater treatment (Kooh et al, 2016;Senthil Kumar et al, 2019). Recently, due to their availability and low cost, agricultural and industrial wastes have been widely used as a natural adsorbent to remove dyes from waste water effectively (Hassan et al, 2021) Peanut shell powder was discovered to be an economical, natural, and abundantly available adsorbent for removing reactive colors from an aqueous solution (Sakalar et al, 2010;Boumchita et al, 2017). Many studies have been done to examine the capacity of peanut shell powder to remove various reactive colors such as Green 19, Orange 16, and Yellow 14from aqueous solutions (Nadi et al, 2012;Wu et al, 2019;Garget al, 2019).…”

Synthesis of Porous Material from Coal Gasification Fine Slag Residual Carbon and Its Application in Removal of Methylene Blue

“…With the rapid development of the printing and dyeing industry, a large amount of dye wastewater has seriously endangered human health and the environment [20]. Methylene blue (MB) is a cationic dye used for dyeing cotton, hemp, silk, paper, and so on.…”

Factors Affecting Efficiency of Biosorption of Fe (III) and Zn (II) by Ulva lactuca and Corallina officinalis and Their Activated Carbons

“…Traditional techniques such as reverse osmosis, electrodialysis, ultrafiltration, the industrial ion-exchange process, and chemical precipitation are used to remove heavy metals from industrial wastewater [31][32][33]. Unfortunately, the majority of these commonly used methods are constrained by critical barriers such as low selectivity, high cost, inefficient removal, significant energy consumption, and the inability to handle massive amounts of hazardous waste [34,35]. The adsorption method is the most extensively utilized of all the removal processes mentioned above, since it is a low-cost, environmentally friendly, reversible, and rapid-acting technology that can be readily used in many circumstances to control pollution [36][37][38].…”