The use of progeny testing with artificial insemination in dairy cattle

Robertson, Alan; Rendel, J M

doi:10.1007/bf02986791

Cited by 142 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…The improvement of dairy cattle has depended heavily on the use of artificial insemination (AI) to maximize the impact of elite bulls globally. Historically, progeny testing (2), or the characterization of these AI bulls by measuring and comparing performance of daughters, has been a critical step in identifying the very best bulls for widespread use. However, traditional genetic improvement schemes in dairy cattle have been limited by time required and expense of the progeny test paradigm.…”

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confidence: 99%

Changes in genetic selection differentials and generation intervals in US Holstein dairy cattle as a result of genomic selection

García-Ruiz

Cole

VanRaden

et al. 2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

465

360

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Seven years after the introduction of genomic selection in the United States, it is now possible to evaluate the impact of this technology on the population. Selection differential(s) (SD) and generation interval(s) (GI) were characterized in a four-path selection model that included sire(s) of bulls (SB), sire(s) of cows (SC), dam(s) of bulls (DB), and dam(s) of cows (DC). Changes in SD over time were estimated for milk, fat, and protein yield; somatic cell score (SCS); productive life (PL); and daughter pregnancy rate (DPR) for the Holstein breed. In the period following implementation of genomic selection, dramatic reductions were seen in GI, especially the SB and SC paths. The SB GI reduced from ∼7 y to less than 2.5 y, and the DB GI fell from about 4 y to nearly 2.5 y. SD were relatively stable for yield traits, although modest gains were noted in recent years. The most dramatic response to genomic selection was observed for the lowly heritable traits DPR, PL, and SCS. Genetic trends changed from close to zero to large and favorable, resulting in rapid genetic improvement in fertility, lifespan, and health in a breed where these traits eroded over time. These results clearly demonstrate the positive impact of genomic selection in US dairy cattle, even though this technology has only been in use for a short time. Based on the four-path selection model, rates of genetic gain per year increased from ∼50–100% for yield traits and from threefold to fourfold for lowly heritable traits.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in genetic selection differentials and generation intervals in US Holstein dairy cattle as a result of genomic selection

García-Ruiz

Cole

VanRaden

et al. 2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

465

360

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“…The ~-~ adjustment for the --i -stablemate average which Henderson et al (1954) reported also makes use of herd and error components of variance. The estimates of variance components in table 2 are of interest in planning progeny testing programs similar to those discussed by Dickerson (1942), Dickerson and Hazel (1944) and Robertson and Rendel (1950). Knowledge of sources of variation also aid in planning animal husbandry experiments, see for example Henderson (1960).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Components of Variance Associated with Milk and Fat Records of Artificially Sired Holstein Daughters

VanVleck

Wadell

Henderson

1961

Journal of Animal Science

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“…In addition to accurate evaluation of dairy sires, selection and mating of young bulls before their first evaluation is necessary to increase genetic progress. Estimates of the percentage of theoretical genetic gain expected from matings producing young bulls for artificial insemination (AI) range from 70% (12) to 76% (9) and indicate the importance of pedigree selection of young AI bulls.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prediction of Son's Modified Contemporary Comparison from Pedigree Information

Rothschild¹,

Douglass²,

Powell³

1981

Journal of Dairy Science

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Son's modified contemporary comparison Predicted Differences and modified contemporary deviations based on daughters' first lactations only and on all lactations were predicted for milk and fat yield and fat percent from pedigree information. Pedigree records included Predicted Differences and modified contemporary deviations for male relatives and modified contemporary deviations and Cow Index on first available records for female relatives. For a son's dam, however, first two and first three available records also were used. Models were chosen by a stepwise procedure with stopping when there was a change in the multiple correlation coefficient squared of less than 1%. Minimum repeatabilities of 40 and 70% for sons were required also to form two data sets.Models for milk and fat included sire's and maternal grandsire's Predicted Differences and dam's Cow Index. Models for fat also included the modified contemporary deviation for the maternal grandsire. For fat percent, sire's Predicted Difference or modified contemporary deviation and dam's Cow Index were important. Multiple correlation coefficients ranged from .32 for fat percent and .31 for milk to .24 for fat. Two-variable models suggested that for milk and fat, maternal grandsire was more important than dam whereas dam was more important for fat percent. The dam's Cow Index on first available record was more important for milk and fat, but dam's Cow Index from first three available records was most important for fat percent. Results were similar for predicting son's modified contemporary deviations. Closer prediction of son's Predicted Differences to real Predicted Differences for yield of milk and fat could be accomplished by placing slightly more emphasis on the maternal grandsire, and for fat percent, by putting more emphasis on dam's later records. ABSTRACTSon's modified contemporary comparison Predicted Differences and modified contemporary deviations based on daughters' first lactations only and on all lactations were predicted for milk and fat yield and fat percent from pedigree information. Pedigree records included Predicted Differences and modified contemporary deviations for male relatives and modified contemporary deviations and Cow Index on first available records for female relatives. For a son's dam, however, first two and first three available records also were used. Models were chosen by a stepwise procedure with stopping when there was a change in the multiple correlation coefficient squared of less than 1%. Minimum repeatabilities of 40 and 70% for sons were required also to form two data sets.

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The use of progeny testing with artificial insemination in dairy cattle

Cited by 142 publications

References 4 publications

Changes in genetic selection differentials and generation intervals in US Holstein dairy cattle as a result of genomic selection

Changes in genetic selection differentials and generation intervals in US Holstein dairy cattle as a result of genomic selection

Components of Variance Associated with Milk and Fat Records of Artificially Sired Holstein Daughters

Prediction of Son's Modified Contemporary Comparison from Pedigree Information

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