The Use of Proteomics as a Novel Tool in Aflatoxin Research

Razzazi‐Fazeli, Ebrahim; Rizwan, Muhammad; Mayrhofer, Corina; Nöbauer, Katharina

doi:10.5772/24911

Cited by 6 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 70 publications

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“…Proteomics are being used as a novel tool in aflatoxin research [93] to identify RAPs and the candidate resistance genes associated with the resistance mechanisms among the resistant lines, in comparison with susceptible lines [69,70,94], as a potential strategy for controlling aflatoxin contamination in crops [95]. The discovery of storage and stress-related proteins as biomarkers for aflatoxin is potentially useful for breeders to find appropriate strategies to improve plant resistance and stress tolerance of host plants against fungal contamination.…”

Section: Proteomics For Studying Host Resistance Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biotechnological advances for combating Aspergillus flavus and aflatoxin contamination in crops

et al. 2015

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a b s t r a c tAflatoxins are toxic, carcinogenic, mutagenic, teratogenic and immunosuppressive byproducts of Aspergillus spp. that contaminate a wide range of crops such as maize, peanut, and cotton. Aflatoxin not only affects crop production but renders the produce unfit for consumption and harmful to human and livestock health, with stringent threshold limits of acceptability. In many crops, breeding for resistance is not a reliable option because of the limited availability of genotypes with durable resistance to Aspergillus. Understanding the fungal/crop/environment interactions involved in aflatoxin contamination is therefore essential in designing measures for its prevention and control. For a sustainable solution to aflatoxin contamination, research must be focused on identifying and improving knowledge of host-plant resistance factors to aflatoxin accumulation. Current advances in genetic transformation, proteomics, RNAi technology, and marker-assisted selection offer great potential in minimizing preharvest aflatoxin contamination in cultivated crop species. Moreover, developing effective phenotyping strategies for transgenic as well as precision breeding of resistance genes into commercial varieties is critical. While appropriate storage practices can generally minimize post-harvest aflatoxin contamination in crops, the use of biotechnology to interrupt the probability of pre-harvest infection and contamination has the potential to provide sustainable solution.

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Section: Proteomics For Studying Host Resistance Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biotechnological advances for combating Aspergillus flavus and aflatoxin contamination in crops

et al. 2015

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“…Several approaches are described and optimized by different researchers; however there are still no general protocols available to extract proteins from any given sample [27]. The combination of TCA and acetone is reported as effective and easy for precipitation of fungal proteins [28,29]. Other strategies like 100 mM ammonium acetate in methanol were described also for fungal tissues [21].…”

Section: Protein Enrichmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review beyond the borders: Proteomics of microclonial black fungi and black yeasts

Marzban¹,

Tesei²,

Sterflinger³

2013

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Black microcolonial fungi and black yeasts are inhabitants of extreme environments like vulcanic, desert and polar regions, where they are exposed to enhanced temperature alterations and desiccation. They have developed, therefore, extraordinary biologic characteristics which are mainly based on the expression of proteins, however, these are rarely studied and known. The review article presented here is focused on the obstacles and solutions for the proteomic analyses of this very particular fungal species.

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“…One of the approaches in the field of AF research with regard to proteomics is to study the AF resistance proteins in host plants such as corn. The investigation on proteins associated with host resistance has been shown to be a possible strategy for controlling AF contamination of plants [105,106].…”

Section: Genetic Engineering: Molecular Biology and Genetics Proposalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An important factor affecting the agricultural commodities is the drought stress. Pre-harvest contamination of maize, peanuts and other products with AFs has been observed to be higher especially in the drought years, having devastating economical [106]. Guo and collaborators reviewed the potential of genetics, genomics and proteomics in understanding the relationship between drought stress and preharvest AF contamination in agricultural products.…”

Section: Genetic Engineering: Molecular Biology and Genetics Proposalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Different proteomic approaches revealed that resistant lines have elevated levels of stress-related proteins, antifungal and storage proteins in comparison to susceptible lines [95]. The use of proteomic tools has made possible to find different categories of resistance associated proteins which can be divided into 3 groups: stress-responsive proteins, storage proteins and antifungal proteins indicating that storage and stress-responsive proteins may play an important role in enhancing stress-tolerance of host plant [106,107]. The use of proteomics is still a new tool to understand plant resistance against fungal contamination, so it promises to become an important field for understanding fungal genetic behavior.…”

Section: Genetic Engineering: Molecular Biology and Genetics Proposalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Novel Methods for Preventing and Controlling Aflatoxins in Food: A Worldwide Daily Challenge

Lizárraga-Paulín¹,

Miranda-Castro²,

Moreno-Martínez³

et al. 2013

Aflatoxins - Recent Advances and Future Prospects

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rivates [6,7], and even chocolates [8]. In order to find a solution for this problem, some organizations and institutions have purposed prevention strategies in order to reduce the risks given by this public problem especially in low-income countries, but those strategies are not enough to give a real solution to this worldwide daily problem. 2. The global problem of AF in crops and food The prevalence of AF in crops and livestock is a serious problem in many parts of the world, undermining public health and development efforts. AF are highly toxic, cancer causing fungal metabolites known to cause immune-system suppression, growth retardation, liver disease, and death in both humans and domestic animals. According to the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), 25% of world food crops are affected, and countries that are situated between 40ºN and 40ºS are most at risk. Over 4.5 billion people in developing countries are at risk of chronic AF exposure [9]. Unless AF levels in crops and livestock are effectively managed, international development efforts to achieve greater agricultural development, food security and improve health will be undermined. AF are very stable and persistent, so they are difficult to remove. Due to they are contained in many crops that are consumed by animals, AF have turned into a serious animal problem too. The most susceptible animals are rabbits, turkeys, chickens, pigs, cows and goats [10]. AF can be transmitted from animals to human food (by eggs, meat and dairy) with the consequent risk to human health. Even non-mouldy foods or raw materials may contain AF. Spores can be transferred by insects (especially flies, wasps and bees) or by birds to foods where the spores germinate, produce mycelium, and AF are excreted. Seeds can contain AF by infection of the egg-cells of the flowering plants. The spores of A. flavus and A. parasiticus can germinate on the stigma surfaces of plants, then the germ tube penetrates to the developing embryo mimicking pollen germ tubes. The mycelium can establish an endotrophic relationship which is not harmful for the healthy plant. However, if the plant is under drought stress, then significant levels of AF may be produced in the plant tissue during growth in the field. Under these circumstances food commodities may already be contaminated at harvest and, although the concentrations are never as high as those formed in stored commodities, they can be economically significant [11, 12].

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The Use of Proteomics as a Novel Tool in Aflatoxin Research

Cited by 6 publications

References 70 publications

Biotechnological advances for combating Aspergillus flavus and aflatoxin contamination in crops

Biotechnological advances for combating Aspergillus flavus and aflatoxin contamination in crops

A Review beyond the borders: Proteomics of microclonial black fungi and black yeasts

Novel Methods for Preventing and Controlling Aflatoxins in Food: A Worldwide Daily Challenge

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