The Use of Quasigeoid in Leveling Through Terrain Obstacles

Abstract

In these paper are presented two ways of performing leveling through terrain obstacles.

Deep-Sea Trenches of the Pacific Ocean: A Comparative Analysis of the Submarine Geomorphology Using Data Modeling by Gmt, Python and R

“…The marine vertical gravity at the trench correlates with the tectonic slab contours. The intermediate values (20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30) However, other areas, particularly the terraces were less well defined, perhaps due to the local specific geomorphic features of the study object: the geomorphology of the MAT presents a very straight steep slopes without significant curvatures. Multiple factors affect MAT geomorphology which is formed as a results of the complex interaction between the geochemical situation, lithology, sedimentation processes, geological trigger factors and tectonic mechanisms in the study area.…”

“…3.3.10, [413]). (20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30) are locate on the trench slopes (colored orange on the Fig. 3.3.13), while the highest values are detected mainly on the mountainous areas (colored rose on the Fig.…”

“…In contrast to the classic cartographic approaches with GUI, e.g. ArcGIS ESRI based [324], [325] [447] or other examples of the geospatial modelling applied for geodetic approximations, 3D modelling [715], [27], [291], GMT is notable for shell scripting algorithms as a core concept. Traditional handmade digitizing is a tedious routine prone to errors.…”

The conversion of heights of the benchmarks of the detailed vertical reference network into the PL-EVRF2007-NH frame

“…First of all, apart from spirited levelling, satellite levelling is also allowed, which may be a convenient solution to the problem of levelling (e.g. in the case of terrain obstacles) (Banasik and Bujakowski, 2017). The average measurement error in this network should not exceed 4 mm.…”

Topographic surface modelling using raster grid datasets by GMT: example of the Kuril–Kamchatka Trench, Pacific Ocean

“…A brief summary of the up to date applications of GIS in the marine studies can be read in the following works: Ichino et al (2015); Metz et al (2014); Rovere et al (2019); Sen et al (2016); Yesson et al (2011). Examples of the photogrammetric approaches of image analysis include, for example, Li-DAR and processing digital elevation model (DEM) (Altuntas, 2019), GNSS and GPS data geodetic modelling (Banasik and Bujakowski, 2017;Tomaszewski et al, 2017). The traditional GIS, for example, ArcGIS, is used in the thematic mapping: environmental analysis (Klaučo et al, 2013(Klaučo et al, , 2017; geomorphological assessment (Lemenkova et al, 2012); marine cartography (Suetova et al, 2005).…”