2003
DOI: 10.1086/377398
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The Use of Race in Medicine as a Proxy for Genetic Differences

Abstract: Race is a prominent category in medicine. Epidemiologists describe how rates of morbidity and mortality vary with race, and doctors consider the race of their patients when deciding whether to test them for sickle-cell anemia or what drug to use to treat their hypertension. At the same time, critics of racial classification say that race is not real but only an illusion or that race is scientifically meaningless. In this paper, I explain how race is used in medicine as a proxy for genes that encode drug metabo… Show more

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Cited by 54 publications
(44 citation statements)
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“…First, critics of biological accounts of race usually accept that races can be used as proxies for some biomedically relevant genes but insist that they are unnecessarily coarse-grained and unreliable proxies (e.g. Root 2003). Consider one of Risch et al's examples such as hemochromatosis.…”
Section: Non-epistemic Values In Ontological Choicesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…First, critics of biological accounts of race usually accept that races can be used as proxies for some biomedically relevant genes but insist that they are unnecessarily coarse-grained and unreliable proxies (e.g. Root 2003). Consider one of Risch et al's examples such as hemochromatosis.…”
Section: Non-epistemic Values In Ontological Choicesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Finally, the resurgence of "race" in biomedical research suggests that many researchers use "race" in ways that match neither traditional subspecies nor ecotypes (cf. Root 2003;Torres and Kittles 2007;Gissis 2008). Unless we assume that classifications in all disciplines of the life sciences must be taxonomically relevant for biological systematics, the problem of multiple specifications of "race" reappears in our discussion of race scientific (cf.…”
Section: What Are Allowable Revisions Of "Race"?mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Tendemos a escoger cierto patrón fenotípico estereotipado que nos aleja de la panmixia (aleatoriedad reproductiva), aunque debe anotarse que esta tendencia podría ser producto del incremento reciente en las migraciones, lo que ha permitido la comparación y el intercambio de patrones de belleza antes bien definidos en el interior de los grupos étnicos (25). Además, en ciertas comunidades los emparejamientos se dan dentro de las familias con la excusa de conservar la pureza de la raza (26,27); por otra parte, los migrantes diseminan sus genes por fuera de su grupo y, en general, mutamos al exponernos a los agentes químicos y físicos que usamos en las industrias, fundamos pueblos grandes y chicos, nos aislamos, eliminamos individuos, hacemos guerras religiosas, etc. Hay, así pues, un sinfín de comportamientos y tendencias que violan los principios mencionados y que nos permiten elucubrar sobre el por qué algunas enfermedades son más frecuentes en ciertos grupos que en otros, fenómeno que no es exclusivo de los seres humanos, ya que, de hecho, las violaciones a los supuestos de Hardy-Weinberg son el común denominador en la mayoría de las especies animales y vegetales.…”
Section: Violación De Los Supuestosunclassified