The Use of Radiology in Mass Fatality Events

Viner, Mark

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-405889-7.00005-8

Cited by 9 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…The visual comparison of postmortem (PM) and antemortem (AM) radiographs of the skeleton for human identification has been widely established for many years , and validation studies have confirmed the accuracy of methods when employed by trained practitioners (see, e.g., ). Irrespective of the body region concerned, for example, the frontal bones of the cranium , roots of the teeth , vertebrae of the neck , metacarpals of the hand , or tarsals of the foot , the principles of the method are the same: analysts evaluate the radiographs for similarity in osseous shapes and densities to determine whether the radiographs represent one of the same subject.…”

Section: Details Of Postero‐anterior Chest Radiographs Of Unaccountedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphometric Comparison of Clavicle Outlines from 3D Bone Scans and 2D Chest Radiographs: A Shortlisting Tool to Assist Radiographic Identification of Human Skeletons

Stephan

Amidan

Trease

et al. 2013

Journal of Forensic Sciences

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This paper describes a computerized clavicle identification system primarily designed to resolve the identities of unaccounted-for U.S. soldiers who fought in the Korean War. Elliptical Fourier analysis is used to quantify the clavicle outline shape from skeletons and postero-anterior antemortem chest radiographs to rank individuals in terms of metric distance. Similar to leading fingerprint identification systems, shortlists of the top matching candidates are extracted for subsequent human visual assessment. Two independent tests of the computerized system using 17 field-recovered skeletons and 409 chest radiographs demonstrate that true-positive matches are captured within the top 5% of the sample 75% of the time. These results are outstanding given the eroded state of some field-recovered skeletons and the faintness of the 1950's photofluorographs. These methods enhance the capability to resolve several hundred cold cases for which little circumstantial information exists and current DNA and dental record technologies cannot be applied.

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Section: Details Of Postero‐anterior Chest Radiographs Of Unaccountedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphometric Comparison of Clavicle Outlines from 3D Bone Scans and 2D Chest Radiographs: A Shortlisting Tool to Assist Radiographic Identification of Human Skeletons

Stephan

Amidan

Trease

et al. 2013

Journal of Forensic Sciences

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“…Radiography is frequently used in mass fatalities to assess age, sex, stature, the degree of commingling, and also in the location of embedded or hidden objects . The results of this study suggest that while body bags are scanned for the above indicators, they could also be scanned to locate the presence of the older tattoo inks.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Tattoos and Human Identification: Investigation into the Use of X‐Ray and Infrared Radiation in the Visualization of Tattoos

Clarkson

Birch

2013

Journal of Forensic Sciences

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Any person with a tattoo known to their family or friends could potentially be identified from the presence of such personal identifying markers. Problems in identification utilizing tattoos may arise when these markers are removed or defaced in some way. This paper uses infrared wavelengths at 760, 850, and 950 nm to improve the visualization of laser-removed or covered up tattoos and also to establish whether the ink pigments used can be observed on radiographs from any metal that may be present. The results obtained indicate that some older inks have a high enough metallic content to allow them to be viewed on a radiograph, while infrared light can demonstrate latent ink still present in the skin after laser removal and can also be utilized to distinguish an original tattoo through a secondary "cover-up" tattoo. Infrared photography and radiography have been shown to improve tattoo visualization in a forensic context.

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“…While extremely rare in the MFI literature, this phenomenon was also observed in Thailand following the 2004 Boxing Day tsunami (Zehner 2007). When remains reach the mortuary, fragments thought to comprise only one individual can reveal commingling with the use of radiography or tomography (Blau et al 2008;Viner 2008). Therefore, the need to stringently triage all remains is imperative.…”

Section: Wtc Triagementioning

confidence: 93%

Anthropologist-Directed Triage

Mundorff

2014

Commingled Human Remains

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The Use of Radiology in Mass Fatality Events

Cited by 9 publications

References 54 publications

Morphometric Comparison of Clavicle Outlines from 3D Bone Scans and 2D Chest Radiographs: A Shortlisting Tool to Assist Radiographic Identification of Human Skeletons

Morphometric Comparison of Clavicle Outlines from 3D Bone Scans and 2D Chest Radiographs: A Shortlisting Tool to Assist Radiographic Identification of Human Skeletons

Tattoos and Human Identification: Investigation into the Use of X‐Ray and Infrared Radiation in the Visualization of Tattoos

Anthropologist-Directed Triage

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