The Use of Respiratory Inhibitors

James, William

doi:10.1146/annurev.pp.04.060153.000423

Cited by 157 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 110 publications

(184 reference statements)

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“…It was still not clear whether the oxidation of the polyphenols was spontaneous or enzymatic. An attempt was made to study this by addition of diethvldithiocarbamate (DIECA), a chelating agent which inhibits copper enzymes (8), to the flasks containing catechol and the a-ketoglutarate-oxidase system. In the presence of DIECA there was no inhibition of the a-ketoglutarate system by catechol (table V).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxidative Phosphorylation by Sweet Potato Mitochondria and Its Inhibition by Polyphenols.

Lieberman¹,

Biale²

1956

Plant Physiol.

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confidence: 99%

Oxidative Phosphorylation by Sweet Potato Mitochondria and Its Inhibition by Polyphenols.

Lieberman¹,

Biale²

1956

Plant Physiol.

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“…Inhibitors of the oxidases were used a t pH values and concentrations that ensured maximum effectiveness and selectivity (James, 1953b). Inhibition of cytochrome c oxidase, tyrosinase and the 0, D .…”

Section: Boultermentioning

confidence: 99%

The Oxidases of Gelasinospora tetrasperma in relation to the Endogenous Respiration

Boulter

1957

Journal of General Microbiology

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SUMMARY:The active growth of Gelasinospora tetrasperma in a chemically defined liquid medium was completed in 5 days. Cytochrome was detected at all ages (spectroscopically and by manometric assay) and a cytochrome-cytochrome oxidase system was mainly responsible for 0, uptake. Phenol oxidase was not detected until the cultures had been growing 48 hr., and even then the proportion of the 0, uptake of the mycelium due to this enzyme was small, since light reversed carbon monoxide inhibition of the 0, uptake almost completely.Whereas the importance of cytochrome c oxidase as a terminal oxidase of plant respiration is now firmly established, the role, if any, of phenol oxidases in plant respiration is uncertain (James, 1 9 5 3~) . In the Basidiomycete Polystictus versicolor, which produced both cytochrome c oxidase and a phenol oxidase, laccase, only the former enzyme was involved in oxygen uptake (Boulter & Burges, 1955). The present work was undertaken to assess the relative importance of cytochrome c oxidase and the phenol oxidase, tyrosinase, in the endogenous respiration of Gelasinospora tetrasperma, an Ascomycete, which produces both these enzymes. METHODSCulture medium. Gelasinospora tetrasperma Dowding, obtained from Dr Dowding, was grown in a liquid medium of the following composition: D( + ) glucose, 10 g. ; asparagin, 5 g . ; KH,PO,, 0.5 g. ; Mg,SO,. 7H,O, 0.5 g . ; NaC1, 0-25 g.; biotin, 50pg.; thiamine, 1OOpg.; distilled water to 1 1. (glucose autoclaved separately ; thiamine sterilized by filtration).Mycelial suspensions from 48 hr. cultures, grown in 40 ml. medium at 25', were used for inoculations. Mycelium from two flasks was washed and transferred with 40 ml. water to the metal cup of an Atomix blender (M.S.E., London) and blended at full speed for 10 see. This agitation gave a fine mycelial suspension which was washed twice by centrifugation and resuspended in water; 1 ml. of suspension was used to inoculate each 250 ml. flask containing 90 ml. medium.Culture conditions. Cultures were incubated a t 25' on a reciprocal shaker (stroke 4 in., 75 oscillations/min.).Chemicals. Substrates and inhibitors were obtained from the British Drug Houses Ltd., and were of analytical grade when available. Acid and alkaline compounds were neutralized; unstable substrates were recrystallized and

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“…Carbon monoxide reacts with both Fe and Cu to form carbonyl compounds (11,24,25) but only the iron carbonyl is light-reversible; light at 430 nm appears to be the most active in causing the disassociation of the iron carbonyl (19). Early work showed that CO inhibits respiration by competing with OL for Cyt oxidase, the degree of inhibition being dependent upon the ratio of CO to 02 (14).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since the tissue can be allowed to saturate with CO in the light, there is no diffusional lag at the onset of inhibition which is, therefore, essentially instantaneous. Hopefully, resolution times of the order of milliseconds can be achieved and the effects occurring within the ATP turnover time can be monitored.Carbon monoxide reacts with both Fe and Cu to form carbonyl compounds (11,24,25) but only the iron carbonyl is light-reversible; light at 430 nm appears to be the most active in causing the disassociation of the iron carbonyl (19). Early work showed that CO inhibits respiration by competing with OL for Cyt oxidase, the degree of inhibition being dependent upon the ratio of CO to 02 (14).…”

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confidence: 99%

The Effect of Cyanide and Carbon Monoxide on the Electrical Potential and Resistance of Cell Membranes

Anderson¹,

Hendrix²,

Higinbotham³

1974

Plant Physiol.

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The rapid reduction in cell electropotentials induced by metabolic inhibitors is strong evidence for an electrogenic ion pump. According to Ohm's law, such a depolarization might be explained by a reduction in electric current, I, with unidirectional transport of a given ion, or an increase in permeability (decrease in resistance). With cells of etiolated seedlings of Pisuml sativum L cv. Alaska and Zea mnass cv. Golden Bantam, carbon monoxide inhibition, which occurs only in the dark and is readily reversed by light, allows repeated cycling of depolarization and repolarization; there is no effect on cell membrane resistance. In contrast, cyanide inhibition results in a marked increase in membrane electrical resistance; with cyanide following repeated pulses of current used in measuring cell membrane resistance, the resistance eventually (about 10 minutes) shows an abrupt drop as in the "punch-through" effect reported by H. G. L. Coster (1965. Biophys. J. 5: 669-686 component of the observed electropotential which is produced by the separation of charge at the pump will immediately become zero, and depolarization of the membrane by that amount will be observed. Although the cyanide effect in higher plants is relatively rapid, it is very much longer than the ATP turnover time in the cell, which is less than 20 sec (2). Slayman et al. (21) have shown spectrophotometrically that after poisoning, ATP concentration in Neurospora crassa decays with a time constant of 5.4 sec.In an attempt, therefore, to find an inhibitor with a poisoning effect which is not rate controlled by diffusion into the tissue, as CN-almost certainly is, we have used solutions saturated with CO to bathe the tissue and have induced inhibition by switching off the light. Since the tissue can be allowed to saturate with CO in the light, there is no diffusional lag at the onset of inhibition which is, therefore, essentially instantaneous. Hopefully, resolution times of the order of milliseconds can be achieved and the effects occurring within the ATP turnover time can be monitored.Carbon monoxide reacts with both Fe and Cu to form carbonyl compounds (11,24,25) but only the iron carbonyl is light-reversible; light at 430 nm appears to be the most active in causing the disassociation of the iron carbonyl (19). Early work showed that CO inhibits respiration by competing with OL for Cyt oxidase, the degree of inhibition being dependent upon the ratio of CO to 02 (14). Weeks and Robertson (26) demonstrated that CO inhibition of respiration in carrot tissue is abolished in the light. The respiration decrease caused by 1 mm CN-(another inhibitor of Cyt oxidase) was greater than that caused by saturating the incubation medium with 95% CO; this difference was attributed to the noncompetitive inhibition exhibited by CN-versls the competitive type assumed for CO (11. 14). Robertson et al. (18) found that CO in the dark strongly inhibited the enhanced respiration induced in carrot discs by 2, 4-dinitrophenol.Carbon monoxide has also been shown to inhi...

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The Use of Respiratory Inhibitors

Cited by 157 publications

References 110 publications

Oxidative Phosphorylation by Sweet Potato Mitochondria and Its Inhibition by Polyphenols.

Oxidative Phosphorylation by Sweet Potato Mitochondria and Its Inhibition by Polyphenols.

The Oxidases of Gelasinospora tetrasperma in relation to the Endogenous Respiration

The Effect of Cyanide and Carbon Monoxide on the Electrical Potential and Resistance of Cell Membranes

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