The use of RNA-based treatments in the field of cancer immunotherapy

Abstract

Over the past several decades, mRNA vaccines have evolved from a theoretical concept to a clinical reality. These vaccines offer several advantages over traditional vaccine techniques, including their high potency, rapid development, low-cost manufacturing, and safe administration. However, until recently, concerns over the instability and inefficient distribution of mRNA in vivo have limited their utility. Fortunately, recent technological advancements have mostly resolved these concerns, resulting in the development of numerous mRNA vaccination platforms for infectious diseases and various types of cancer. These platforms have shown promising outcomes in both animal models and humans. This study highlights the potential of mRNA vaccines as a promising alternative approach to conventional vaccine techniques and cancer treatment. This review article aims to provide a thorough and detailed examination of mRNA vaccines, including their mechanisms of action and potential applications in cancer immunotherapy. Additionally, the article will analyze the current state of mRNA vaccine technology and highlight future directions for the development and implementation of this promising vaccine platform as a mainstream therapeutic option. The review will also discuss potential challenges and limitations of mRNA vaccines, such as their stability and in vivo distribution, and suggest ways to overcome these issues. By providing a comprehensive overview and critical analysis of mRNA vaccines, this review aims to contribute to the advancement of this innovative approach to cancer treatment.

Application of the iPLUS non-coding sequence in improving biopharmaceuticals production

“…The mRNA vaccines are a potential immunotherapy solution to combat various types of cancer, prompting the immune system to destroy cancer cells by triggering a specific and enduring immune response against tumor antigens (TAs), inhibiting tumor growth ( Miao et al, 2021 ). Nevertheless, in clinical trials it has been observed that although there is a certain level of positive response from patients ( Papachristofilou et al, 2019 ), it does not seem to be a sufficiently robust response to cause tumor recession or an increase in overall survival for all the patients ( Chehelgerdi and Chehelgerdi, 2023 ), leading to termination of their production. For that reason, pharmaceutical companies ought to incorporate novel molecular tools to improve cancer mRNA vaccines, to promote good immunological responses.…”

Screening of novel tumor-associated antigens for lung adenocarcinoma mRNA vaccine development based on pyroptosis phenotype genes

“…In recent years, cancer vaccines have received increasing attention from researchers. mRNA vaccine therapy can induce an immune response in the body and plays a role in eliminating tumor cells through the tumor microenvironment, thus prolonging the survival of patients [ 33 ]. Many studies have shown cancer vaccine efficacy and therapeutic potential for tumor treatment [ 34 – 36 ].…”

Advances in Poultry Vaccines: Leveraging Biotechnology for Improving Vaccine Development, Stability, and Delivery

“…In addition to infectious diseases, nucleic acids have been studied in the context of cancer research, where DNA and mRNA vaccines encoding a broad range of tumor antigens are used. Extensive reviews of nucleic acid vaccines have been conducted previously [ 55 , 56 ]. While the principles of nucleic acid vaccines for cancers and infectious diseases are similar, this review mainly focuses on infectious diseases in poultry.…”