The use of roller swabs for Salmonella detection in poultry litter

Talorico, Aidan A.; Bailey, Matthew; Munoz, L.R.; Pal, Amrit; Krehling, James T.; Bourassa, D. V.; Buhr, R. J.; Macklin, K. S.

doi:10.1016/j.japr.2021.100163

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Instead 104 isolates were from Chieti Province. In this case the number of farms tested over the years (19) was lower than other provinces, but the percentages (63.1%) of farms tested positive (12) over the years was higher. This was due to the fact that 7 of 12 farms tested positive from three to six times (at least one time per year considered in the study).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 61%

“…In our study, faeces collected through boot socks or taken directly from the litter were used to test the presence of Salmonella spp. It has previously been reported that sampling fecal material in a Salmonella-infected chicken flock by means of two pairs of boot socks, both analyzed as one sample, was at least as effective in detecting Salmonella as hand collection of 60 faeces, analyzed as one sample [19]. However, this is in contrast with the results of our study, where the probability of isolating Salmonella by using boot socks is significantly higher than the probability of isolation through the hand-collection of faeces.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Distribution of Salmonella spp. Serotypes Isolated from Poultry in Abruzzo and Molise Regions (Italy) during a 6-Year Period

et al. 2022

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Human salmonellosis incidence is increasing in the European Union (EU). Salmonellaenterica subsp. enterica serovar Enteriditis, Salmonellaenterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium (including its monophasic variant) and Salmonellaenterica subsp. enterica serovar Infantis represent targets in control programs due to their frequent association with human cases. This study aimed to detect the most prevalent serotypes circulating in Abruzzo and Molise Regions between 2015 and 2020 in the framework of the Italian National Control Program for Salmonellosis in Poultry (PNCS)]. A total of 332 flocks of Abruzzo and Molise Regions were sampled by veterinary services in the period considered, and 2791 samples were taken. Samples were represented by faeces and dust from different categories of poultry flocks: laying hens (n = 284), broilers (n = 998), breeding chickens (n = 1353) and breeding or fattening turkeys (n = 156). Breeding and fattening turkeys had the highest rate of samples positive for Salmonella spp. (52.6%; C.I. 44.8%–60.3%). Faeces recovered through boot socks represented the greatest number of positive samples (18.2%). Salmonellaenterica subsp. enterica serovar Infantis was the prevalent serotype in breeding and fattening turkeys (32.7%; C.I. 25.8%–40.4%) and in broiler flocks (16.5%; C.I. 14.4%–19.0%). Salmonellaenterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium was detected at low levels in laying hens (0.7%; C.I. 0.2%–2.5%) followed by breeding and fattening turkeys (0.6%; C.I. 0.2%–2.5%). Salmonellaenterica subsp. enterica serovar Enteriditis was also detected at low levels in laying hens (2.5%; C.I. 1.2%–5.0%). These findings highlight the role of broilers and breeding/fattening turkeys as reservoirs of Salmonella spp. and, as a consequence, in the diffusion of dangerous serotypes as Salmonellaenterica subsp. enterica serovar Infantis. This information could help veterinary services to analyze local trends and to take decisions not only based on indications from national control programs, but also based on real situations at farms in their own competence areas.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 61%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution of Salmonella spp. Serotypes Isolated from Poultry in Abruzzo and Molise Regions (Italy) during a 6-Year Period

et al. 2022

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Evaluation of Environmental Sampling for Detection of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis in the Pre-Weaned Calf Area and Calving Area of Infected Dairy Farms Enrolled in a Voluntary Johne’s Disease Control Programme

Field

Mee

McAloon

2023

Animals

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One of the pillars of Johne’s disease control is to break the cycle of transmission from infectious adult animals to young susceptible animals. Many control programmes utilise a risk assessment and management plan (RAMP) to identify specific risks for transmission of infection on individual farms and then recommend tailored biosecurity measures to mitigate the risk. It is important that infected farms in particular, practice effective biocontainment in the calving area and pre-weaned calf area. The objectives of this study were: (1) to determine what proportion of MAP-infected farms (PCR-positive) enrolled in a control programme had detectable MAP in their calf environment; (2) to compare RAMP scores and apparent within-herd prevalence (aWHP) of PCR-positive and PCR-negative farms; (3) to evaluate the correlation between RAMP scores, aWHP and levels of contamination based on PCR test Ct value. A novel environmental sampling protocol combining manure samples and boot swab samples was conducted in the calving area and pre-weaned calf area on 28 dairy farms with PCR-confirmed MAP infection. All samples were tested with PCR. Logistic regression modelling was used to evaluate the association between RAMP score and aWHP and PCR outcome. Overall, 46% of farms had positive PCR samples in either the calving area, pre-weaned calf area or both. The calving area was positive in 36% of farms and the pre-weaned calf area was positive in 21% of farms. There was a moderate, negative correlation (r = −0.45; p = 0.08) observed between RAMP scores and Ct value at the sample-level that slightly missed the required significance level. No significant association was identified between RAMP scores or aWHP and PCR test outcome (positive or negative). It was concluded that environmental sampling of the calving area and pre-weaned calf area has potential applications in the assessment of transmission risk on infected farms and could be used to monitor the efficacy of biosecurity measures over time. Further research conducted on a larger scale is required to support these results.

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Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification-Based Workflow for the Detection and Serotyping of Salmonella spp. in Environmental Poultry Flock Samples

Regal,

Doval,

García-Ramos

et al. 2024

Foods

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Salmonella spp. is one of the most important foodborne pathogens worldwide. Given the fact that poultry and poultry products are the main source of human infection, Salmonella control in these farms is of utmost importance. To better control this pathogen in farms, boot swabs are used to sample farm environments but the analysis of these swabs is mainly based on culture-dependent methods. In the present study, a novel loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) method was developed for the rapid screening of Salmonella spp. in boot swab samples from broiler flock environments. Four different DNA extraction protocols were evaluated in depth, including a simple thermal lysis, a chelex-based protocol and two thermal lysis protocols followed by the purification of magnetic beads made of silica (“glass milk”) in order to determine the most suitable alternative for potential on-site, farm analyses. The methodology evaluation included a blind interlaboratory assay and as a proof-of-concept, a naked-eye colorimetric assay was also included. Following the final methodology, it was possible to reach an LoD50 of 1.8 CFU/25 g of the samples, with a high relative sensitivity (95.7%), specificity (100%) and accuracy (96.6%) along with Cohen’s kappa of concordance with respect to the ISO standard 6579-1:2017 of 0.9, with an RLOD of 1.3. In addition to this, due to the relevance of certain serotypes with the genus Salmonella spp., a serotype LAMP panel for the specific identification of S. Typhimurium, S. Enteritidis, S. Infantis, S. Hadar and S. Virchow was also developed. Even though some degree of cross-reactivity among the primers developed was observed, all the serotypes could be accurately identified based on their melt curve analysis profile. Taken together, in the present study, a rapid Salmonella spp. screening method, suitable for farm applications, was developed, along with a serotyping panel that could be used in a laboratory setup for the identification of the most relevant serotypes of the genus, taking advantage of real-time amplification followed by melt curve analysis.

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The use of roller swabs for Salmonella detection in poultry litter

Cited by 3 publications

References 7 publications

Distribution of Salmonella spp. Serotypes Isolated from Poultry in Abruzzo and Molise Regions (Italy) during a 6-Year Period

Distribution of Salmonella spp. Serotypes Isolated from Poultry in Abruzzo and Molise Regions (Italy) during a 6-Year Period

Evaluation of Environmental Sampling for Detection of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis in the Pre-Weaned Calf Area and Calving Area of Infected Dairy Farms Enrolled in a Voluntary Johne’s Disease Control Programme

Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification-Based Workflow for the Detection and Serotyping of Salmonella spp. in Environmental Poultry Flock Samples

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