“…Several different types of polytetrafl uroethylene (PTFE) and composite materials have been used including dual mesh (W.L Gore and associates, Inc., Flagstaff, AZ, USA) [14] and a simple PTFE patch [15,16]. Porcine small intestinal mucosa (Surgisis; Cook surgical, Bloomington, IN, USA), which provides scaffolding for natural tissue ingrowth, also is used [17]. In our initial 27 cases we used prolene mesh (Prolene; Ethicon, Inc., Somerville, NJ, USA) because it is readily available, inexpensive, malleable, and easy to handle.…”