The Use of Some Polyphenols in the Modulation of Muscle Damage and Inflammation Induced by Physical Exercise: A Review

Abstract

Food bioactive compounds (FBC) comprise a vast class of substances, including polyphenols, with different chemical structures, and they exert physiological effects on individuals who consume them, such as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory action. The primary food sources of the compounds are fruits, vegetables, wines, teas, seasonings, and spices, and there are still no daily recommendations for their intake. Depending on the intensity and volume, physical exercise can stimulate oxidative stress and muscle inflammation to generate muscle recovery. However, little is known about the role that polyphenols may have in the process of injury, inflammation, and muscle regeneration. This review aimed to relate the effects of supplementation with mentation with some polyphenols in oxidative stress and post-exercise inflammatory markers. The consulted papers suggest that supplementation with 74 to 900 mg of cocoa, 250 to 1000 mg of green tea extract for around 4 weeks, and 90 mg for up to 5 days of curcumin can attenuate cell damage and inflammation of stress markers of oxidative stress during and after exercise. However, regarding anthocyanins, quercetins, and resveratrol, the results are conflicting. Based on these findings, the new reflection that was made is the possible impact of supplementation associating several FBCs simultaneously. Finally, the benefits discussed here do not consider the existing divergences in the literature. Some contradictions are inherent in the few studies carried out so far. Methodological limitations, such as supplementation time, doses used, forms of supplementation, different exercise protocols, and collection times, create barriers to knowledge consolidation and must be overcome.

Potential of Polyphenolic Compounds in Rosella Flowers on Reducing Oxidative Stress and Inflammation After Exercise: A Systematic Review

“…Therefore, an important strategy for post-exercise recovery is needed, where muscle fibers produce and release pro-inflammatory myokines such as IL-6 when physically active. In inflammatory situations, other myokines such as TNF-α and IL-10 are also expressed (Santoso et al, 2019;Porto et al, 2023;Volpe-Fix et al, 2023). TNF-α is one part of the pro-inflammatory cytokines that trigger muscle pain (Fernández-Lázaro et al, 2020;Ayubi et al, 2022;Nanavati et al, 2022).…”

Phytochemical Compounds in Sea Cucumber Have the Potential to Reduce Oxidative Stress and Inflammation Due to Exercise: Systematic Review

“…The inflammatory response due to exercise triggers a decrease in muscle strength, (Ayubi, Kusnanik, Herawati, Muhammad, et al, 2023). In inflammatory situations, other myokines such as TNF-α and interleukin-10 IL-10 are also expressed (Porto et al, 2023;Volpe-Fix et al, 2023). TNF-α is one part of the pro-inflammatory cytokines that trigger muscle pain (Fernández-Lázaro et al, 2020;Ayubi et al, 2022;Nanavati et al, 2022).…”

“…However, intense physical exercise can cause significant damage to skeletal muscle tissue leading to decreased muscle function performance (Ayubi, Kusnanik, Herawati, Muhammad, et al, 2023). To save muscle performance through the immune system, an increase in the pro-anti/inflammatory balance is carried out which allows muscle regeneration (Volpe-Fix et al, 2023).…”

The Vicious Cycle of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Skeletal Muscle Atrophy: Clinical, Biochemical, and Nutritional Bases

“…The beneficial role of polyphenols in alleviating muscle atrophy and improving skeletal muscle regeneration, partly due to their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory activities, has been extensively investigated in a wide range of in vitro and in vivo experiments [ 124 , 125 ]. In addition, several pilot studies in diabetes subjects have demonstrated that the administration of polyphenols improves skeletal muscle mitochondrial function, reduces oxidative stress, and improves myofiber regeneration [ 126 , 127 , 128 ].…”