The use of specific and generic primers to identify trypanosome infections of wild tsetse flies in Tanzania by PCR

Malele, Imna; Craske, Lisa; Knight, Claire; Ferris, Vanessa; Njiru, Z. K.; Hamilton, Patrick B.; Lehane, Stella; Lehane, Mike; Gibson, Wendy

doi:10.1016/s1567-1348(03)00090-x

Cited by 76 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…All the PCR results were confirmed by the sequence analysis of the PCR products (data not shown). These PCR results are in accordance with previous reports whereby T. congolense Savana subtype is widely prevalent in the east Africa than the other two subtypes [1,14]. Only 3 cattle samples were PCR positive for both T. congolense Savanna and T. b. brucei, whilst none of T. b. rhodesiense, T. b. gambiense, T. vivax, T. congolense Kilifi and Forest subtypes were detected by the specific PCR assays.…”

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confidence: 91%

A Field study to Estimate the Prevalence of Bovine African Trypanosomosis in Butaleja District, Uganda

et al. 2009

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ABSTRACT. Prevalence of bovine trypanosomosis was determined from a total of 203 blood samples collected from Butaleja district, eastern Uganda. All samples were examined by microhematocrit centrifuge test (MHC), PCR and ELISA. ELISA was performed in accordance with the OIE standard procedures using Trypanosoma brucei gambiense procyclic form crude antigens. PCR were utilized to identify the species and the subspecies of trypanosome. The overall prevalence of bovine African trypanosomosis was 8.9% by MHC, and 45.3% by the ELISA. Since substantial number (12 out of 18) of MHC positive samples were negative in the PCR tests, we could not conclude the most epidemic trypanosome species in the studied area. Nevertheless, the PCR results suggests that the most prevalent trypanosome was T. b. brucei (31/203), followed by T. congolense (6/203). In addition, only a few (3/203) mixed infections of T. b. brucei and T. congolense was detected by the PCR. Results obtained from this study indicates that bovine trypanosomosis is endemic in Butaleja district, Uganda.

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confidence: 91%

A Field study to Estimate the Prevalence of Bovine African Trypanosomosis in Butaleja District, Uganda

et al. 2009

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“…Lack of detection of Kenyan T. vivax using PCR primers derived from a West African isolate indicates the widespread occurrence of genetic variants of this species (Njiru et al 2004), a fact corroborated in this study by the failure of the PCR based on SL gene sequences of South American/West African T. vivax (Ventura et al 2001) to detect the East African isolate examined in this study. Other distinct genetic variants of T. vivax may well exist, for example that represented by a partial SSU rRNA sequence amplified directly from tsetse collected in Tanzania, East Africa (Malele et al 2003). The SSU rRNA sequence fragment shows this trypanosome to be more related to T. vivax than to any other trypanosome species, although significantly divergent from all other T. vivax isolates, including the isolate from Kenya included in this study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

“…We also aligned SSU and ITS sequences retrieved from genome data banks of T. b. brucei, T. congolense and T. vivax Y486 (http:// www.genedb.org). We also analysed an SSU rRNA gene fragment from putative Tanzanian T. vivax (AJ563916) (Malele et al 2003).…”

Section: A T E R I a L S A N D M E T H O D Smentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A partial SSU rRNA sequence corresponding to variable V7 region amplified directly from tsetse collected in East Africa (Tanzania) and attributed to a T. vivax-like trypanosome (Malele et al 2003) was aligned with corresponding sequences analysed in this study. This sequence was highly divergent from other T. vivax sequences, including that of the Kenyan isolate sequenced here (y11 % sequence divergence).…”

Section: Phylogeny Of T Vivax Isolates Based On Ssu and 58s Ribosommentioning

confidence: 99%

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The taxonomic and phylogenetic relationships of Trypanosoma vivax from South America and Africa

et al. 2006

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S U M M A R YThe taxonomic and phylogenetic relationships of Trypanosoma vivax are controversial. It is generally suggested that South American, and East and West African isolates could be classified as subspecies or species allied to T. vivax. This is the first phylogenetic study to compare South American isolates (Brazil and Venezuela) with West/East African T. vivax isolates. Phylogeny using ribosomal sequences positioned all T. vivax isolates tightly together on the periphery of the clade containing all Salivarian trypanosomes. The same branching of isolates within T. vivax clade was observed in all inferred phylogenies using different data sets of sequences (SSU, SSU plus 5.8S or whole ITS rDNA). T. vivax from Brazil, Venezuela and West Africa (Nigeria) were closely related corroborating the West African origin of South American T. vivax, whereas a large genetic distance separated these isolates from the East African isolate (Kenya) analysed. Brazilian isolates from cattle asymptomatic or showing distinct pathology were highly homogeneous. This study did not disclose significant polymorphism to separate West African and South American isolates into different species/subspecies and indicate that the complexity of T. vivax in Africa and of the whole subgenus Trypanosoma (Duttonella) might be higher than previously believed.

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“…Mixed infections of tsetse flies with different trypanosome species, subspecies or types appears to be common MacLeod et al 1999 ;Lehane et al 2000 ;Jamonneau et al 2004 ;Kubi et al 2005 ;Malele et al 2003 ;Adams et al 2008). However, mixed infections comprising different genotypic groups of T. congolense have not been reported before.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural infection of cattle and tsetse flies in South Africa with two genotypic groups of Trypanosoma congolense

Mamabolo

Ntantiso²,

Latif

et al. 2009

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The polymerase chain reaction was used to detect trypanosomes in samples collected from cattle, wild animals and tsetse flies in KwaZulu-Natal Province, South Africa. A total of 673 samples from cattle and 266 from tsetse flies in the study area located near the Hluhluwe-Umfolozi Game Reserve were analysed. Both Trypanosoma congolense and T. vivax were found as single or mixed infections in cattle and tsetse flies. Moreover, the T. congolense in the infections were found to comprise 2 genotypic groups : the Savannah-type and the Kilifi-type, which were present either as single or mixed infections in cattle and in tsetse flies.

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The use of specific and generic primers to identify trypanosome infections of wild tsetse flies in Tanzania by PCR

Cited by 76 publications

References 38 publications

A Field study to Estimate the Prevalence of Bovine African Trypanosomosis in Butaleja District, Uganda

A Field study to Estimate the Prevalence of Bovine African Trypanosomosis in Butaleja District, Uganda

The taxonomic and phylogenetic relationships of Trypanosoma vivax from South America and Africa

Natural infection of cattle and tsetse flies in South Africa with two genotypic groups of Trypanosoma congolense

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