This study examines mid-to late Holocene Later Stone Age archaeological residuesspecifically flaked stone artefacts, ostrich eggshell beads and potteryfrom Namaqualand, north-western South Africa. Through its implication in all models so far proposed, Namaqualand is crucial to understanding the introduction of herding to the southern African subcontinent. Despite numerous publications on early herding, many key debates remain unresolved.