The use of surfactants for in situ extraction of organic pollutants from a contaminated aquifer

Fountain, John C.; Klimek, A.; Beikirch, Michael G.; Middleton, Thomas M.

doi:10.1016/0304-3894(91)87081-c

Cited by 168 publications

(105 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Agents such as an organic cosolvent or a micelle-forming surfactant are Materials being used in chemically enhancing the removal of VOCs by pump-and-treat remediation (1). However, the solubilization a-Cyclodextrin (a-CyD) and b-cyclodextrin (b-CyD) effect of an organic cosolvent does not occur until the vol-were purchased from Wako Pure Chemical Co., Ltd., Osaka ume-fraction concentrations of VOCs are above 10%.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Inclusion of Volatile Organic Compounds into Natural Cyclodextrins and Their Branched Cyclodextrins in the Gaseous Phase

Tanada

Nakamura

Kawasaki

et al. 1997

Journal of Colloid and Interface Science

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Prefecture, Japan. 6-O-a-D-glucosyl-a-cyclodextrin (G 1 -aCyD), 6-O-a-D-maltosyl-a-cyclodextrin (G 2 -a-CyD), 6-O- 1 To whom correspondence should be addressed. tosyl-b-cyclodextrin (G 2 -b-CyD) were purchased from En-Hence, the CyD's were degassed under a vacuum of 1 1 10 02 Torr or less for 15 h at room temperature.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inclusion of Volatile Organic Compounds into Natural Cyclodextrins and Their Branched Cyclodextrins in the Gaseous Phase

Tanada

Nakamura

Kawasaki

et al. 1997

Journal of Colloid and Interface Science

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“…Surfactants can be used to vastly increase the solubility of the contaminants in water, hence the potential for increasing the rate of DNAPL dissolution (Fountain et al, 1996). Surfactants also lower the interfacial tension (IFT) at the water-DNAPL interface which if sufficiently low will result in mobilizing the DNAPL (Fountain et al, 1991). The goal of surfactant enhanced oil recovery is to achieve ultra-low IFT so that the oil can be economically recovered with a small amount of surfactant that mobilizes the residual oil efficiently.…”

Section: Otivation and O Bjectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

In-situ characterizations of dense non-aqueous phase liquids using partitioning tracers. Annual progress report, September 15, 1996--September 14, 1997

Pope¹,

McKinney²,

Gupta³

et al. 1998

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This paper describes laboratory research conducted to investigate the use of partitioning tracers for the detection, volume estimation, and remediation performance assessment of vadose zones contaminated by nonaqueous phase liquids (NAPLs). These laboratory studies used Ottawa sand and field soil packed columns. The columns were saturated, then reduced to residual saturations of water and NAPL, creating a three phase system of air, water, and NAPL.Conservative and partitioning gas tracers were injected into the column and their elutions were analyzed. The method of moments was used to estimate partition coefficients between the air and NAPL phases for each of the tracers. The partition coefficients and retardation factors are used to select appropriate tracers for NAPL detection and volume estimation in the field. This research identified several perfluorocarbon tracers suitable for use in the field and demonstrated the feasibility of using partitioning tracers as a tool for NAPL detection and volume estimation in the vadose zone. INTRODUCTIONA widespread and recurring public health problem identified in recent years is the contamination of the subsurface by nonaqueous-phase liquids (NAPLs) (NRC 1994).Contamination at numerous private, government, and industrial facilities is well-documented and is clearly a problem for communities and populations located near these sites.1 Nonaqueous-phase liquid contamination of the subsurface occurs as NAPLs migrate from the surface, where in the past they were typically disposed in unlined pits, through the vadose zone to the water table. The migration of the NAPL though the vadose zone leaves a trail or streak of NAPL held in the pore space by capillary forces and is defined as residual or immobile NAPL.As water percolates through a contaminated vadose zone, NAPLs and other contaminants dissolve in the mobile water and may be carried to the saturated zone as dissolved constituents. Previously clean aquifers may receive harmful doses of pollutants without the bulk of the contaminants ever reaching the saturated zone.In many cases, because of the potential adverse impact of vadose-zone contamination on water supplies, remediation of the vadose zone may be essential. However, to design an effective remediation of an area, a detailed description of the site is necessary. Thus, the first step in site remediation is characterization. Two current methods using core sampling or cone penetrometer testing, which depend upon laboratory analysis, are time-consuming and expensive. To improve the site characterization process, better methods of detecting NAPLs are necessary (EPA 1992).A potentially better characterization method utilizes a technology developed in the petroleum industry. This technology is the partitioning inter-well tracer test (PITT). Partitioning, both single-well and interwell, tracer tests have been used for years to character& liquid residuals in oil-and gas-saturated reservoirs (Cooke 1971, Deans 1971, Allison et al. 1991, Tang and Harker 1991a. In a PITT...

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“…DOSL (diphenyl oxide disulfonates, an anionic surfactant) was also a good surfactant for the removal of chlorinated hydrocarbon in the column test and the pilot test (Cort et al, 2002). In another surfactant selection study, using a separate funnel experiment of solubility, Fountain et al (1991) evaluated 100 surfactants for washing PCE (tetrachloroe-*Corresponding author : dalheui@yonsei.ac.kr Received : 2013. 10.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The surfactant-enhanced soil flushing (SESF) extracts contaminants from soil matrices using a liquid medium such as an aqueous surfactant solution and/or bioactive agent solution (Fountain et al, 1991;Mulligan et al, 1999 (Wang and Mulligan, 2004). A major concern related to the effectiveness of SESF is surfactant losses.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of the Mixture of Nonionic Surfactant and Bioactive Agent for Surfactant-enhanced Soil Flushing (SESF) of TCB Contaminated Soil

Lee¹,

Cho²,

Chung³

2014

Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment

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The objective of this study was to find the effect of the mixture of the nonionic surfactant and bioactive agent that solubilizes trichlorobenzene (TCB) present as a contaminant for surfactant-enhanced soil flushing (SESF). Three different nonionic surfactants and two different bioactive agents were obtained from four companies. Separate funnel experiments and shaker table agitation / centrifugation experiments were used for the test. Based on the separate funnel experimental results, three suitable mixture agents (APG + OSE, Brij 35 + MOSE, T-Maz 60 + MOSE) were selected. In the shaker table agitation / centrifugation experiments, these three different mixture agents were reduced to one (T-Maz 60 + MOSE). The maximum removal (95%) of TCB was obtained using a mixture of the nonionic surfactant and bioactive agent. Therefore, the used test methods and results can be used for SESF.

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The use of surfactants for in situ extraction of organic pollutants from a contaminated aquifer

Cited by 168 publications

References 7 publications

Inclusion of Volatile Organic Compounds into Natural Cyclodextrins and Their Branched Cyclodextrins in the Gaseous Phase

Inclusion of Volatile Organic Compounds into Natural Cyclodextrins and Their Branched Cyclodextrins in the Gaseous Phase

In-situ characterizations of dense non-aqueous phase liquids using partitioning tracers. Annual progress report, September 15, 1996--September 14, 1997

The Effect of the Mixture of Nonionic Surfactant and Bioactive Agent for Surfactant-enhanced Soil Flushing (SESF) of TCB Contaminated Soil

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