The use of taxonomic studies to the identification of wetlands weeds

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Palynological features of tribe Astagaleae L. have been observed with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), to assess features that can be used to re‐examine the placement and taxonomic position of tribe. The palynomorph attributes of 10 species included in three genera of Astragaleae (Astragalus L., Glycyrrhiza L., and Oxytropis DC.) are investigated. The assignment of genus Oxytropis in tribe Astragaleae was also reevaluated based on pollen characters. Pollen appear to be prolate, prolate‐spheroidal, and subprolate. Polar axis size (P) varies from 31.3 μm ±1 to 17.5 μm ±1.4 and equatorial axis size (E) varies from 22.2 μm ±1.8 to 13.1 μm ±0.9. Prominent apertures found consistently dispersed along the surface of pollen. Three kinds of ornamentation pattern were recorded, that is, reticulate or reticulate‐perforate and perforate. The studied species display variation in equatorial and polar diameter, aperturation and sculpturing pattern, exine thickness, and pollen shape. On the basis of descriptive pollen features, a dichotomous taxonomic key and UPGMA analysis has been made for effortless and quick identification. The study concluded that disparities of the entire features are typically unrelenting and concerned with the species and shows potential systematic significance. The combination of palynological attributes in association with additional traits has prospective for systematic identification at species and genus level.

Section: Scanning Electron Microscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of scanning electron microscopy to analyze sculpturing pattern and internal features of pollen grain wall in some members ofAstragaleae(subfamily: Papilionoidae)

Rashid

Zafar

Ahmad

et al. 2021

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“…and Cassia L. belonging to subfamily Caesalpiniaceae are symmetrical, trizonocolporate, isopolar, and the shape varies from oblate spheroidal to prolate (Mishra & Srivastava, 2015). Moreover, the advanced techniques of LM and SEM can not only play a key role in this field to observe the ultrastructure of plant material (Ali et al, 2021;Ashfaq et al, 2020;Bahadur et al, 2020;Butt et al, 2021;Gul et al, 2019Gul et al, , 2021 but also in other filed of biological sciences (Hameed et al, 2021;Javed et al, 2021;Nabila et al, 2021;Rasool et al, 2021;Rubab et al, 2020Rubab et al, , 2021. and Lakki Marwat (Figures 1 and 2; Table 1). F I G U R E 2 Flower pictures of studied species of Caesalpiniaceae (a) Bauhinia variegata, (b) Caesalpinia pulcherrima, (c) Delonix regia (d) Parkinsonia aculeata, (e) Saraca indica, (f) Senna corymbosa, (g) Senna obtusifolia, (h) Senna occedantalis, (i) Senna surattensis, and (j) Cassia fistula LM of pollen was carried out in the anatomy lab.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pollen morphology and its taxonomic potential in some selected taxa of Caesalpiniaceae observed under light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy

Ullah

Ahmad

Zafar

et al. 2021

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Pollen micromorphology is not only used to check the functional and structural evolution in plants but also to solve the taxonomic problem related to the classification of plants. Therefore, keeping in view the significance of pollen traits, selected taxa of the subfamily Caesalpiniaceae was collected from different geographical regions of Pakistan. The species were then analyzed under both light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy techniques to investigate the importance of micromorphological characters of pollen in the identification and classification of species. Great variation was recorded in equatorial shape, surface ornamentation, tectum, polar diameter, equatorial diameter, and exine thickness. However, little variation was observed in pollen type, polar shape, and fertility of pollen. The equatorial shape of five types was observed: prolate, prolate‐spheroidal, spheroidal‐subprolate, subspheroidal‐prolate, and subspheroidal. Four types of surface ornamentation, psilate, granulate, clavate, and perforate, were recorded. Tectum of five types, intactate, reticulate regulate, medium reticulate, tactate, and striate, was observed. Sexine was thicker than nexine in all studied species. The largest polar diameter was observed in Caesalpinia pulcherrima 64.1 μm while the smallest in Parkinsonia aculeata 26.1 μm. The largest equatorial diameter was found in C. pulcherrima of 70.25 μm whereas the smallest in P. aculeata 27.57 μm. All the pollens analyzed were tricolporate. All studied species have a fertility ratio of more than 90%. A taxonomic key was developed to show the variation in pollen features and delimit species for the correct identification. In conclusion, the pollen traits were found useful to define species boundaries at various taxonomic ranks and will strengthen the taxonomy of this subfamily. Besides, this study also explored the palynological traits and their implication in the taxonomy of the subfamily Caesalpiniaceae.

“…Seaweed Sargassum myriocystum (microalgae) is used for the synthesis of ZnO NPs (Zafar et al, 2020). Furthermore, light microscopy, scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier transmission infrared radiation (FTIR) techniques have not only significant role in the characterization of nanoparticles but can also be used to analyze the fine detail of plant material (Ali et al, 2021;Ashfaq et al, 2020;Bahadur et al, 2020;Butt et al, 2021;Gul et al, 2019Gul et al, , 2021Shuaib, Bahadur, & Hussain, 2020;Rubab et al, 2020) and in other field of the diverse biological research as well (Hameed et al, 2021;Javed et al, 2021;Nabila et al, 2021;Rubab et al, 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxicological effects of the chemical and green ZnO NPs on Cyprinus carpio L. observed under light and scanning electron microscopy

Rasool

Faheem

Hanif

et al. 2021

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Nanoparticles in aquatic bodies cause serious harm to the aquatic organisms when accumulated in high amounts. However, green nanoparticles synthesized using plants can be less toxic as compared to chemical nanoparticles. Hence, we designed our study to investigate the toxicological effects of chemical and green zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) on the biological activity of juvenile Cyprinus carpio. The green ZnO NPs were synthesized from Solieria robusta, and chemical ZnO NPs were synthesized using zinc chloride solution and ammonium hydroxide. Characterization was done by using light microscopy, scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier transmission infrared radiation, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques. The highest absorbance of nanoparticles was observed at 360 which confirmed the synthesis of ZnO. The SEM analysis showed that green nanoparticles were hexagonal while the chemical nanoparticles were spherical to cubic in shape. Definite peaks were observed in XRD of green and chemical NPs at 2θ angles 45.84 and 32.18 , respectively. Oxidative stress was determined by chemical analysis of catalase, glutathione S-transferase (GST), glutathione (GSH), and lipid peroxidation (LPO) activities. The toxicological effects of chemical ZnO NPs on the catalase, LPO, GST, and GSH activities were more than green ZnO NPs. The histopathological investigation proved that the effect of chemical nanoparticles was worse than green ZnO NPs. More tissue damage was found in chemical nanoparticles than green synthesized nanoparticles. It was concluded that chemical nanoparticles can be replaced by green nanoparticles, as green nanoparticles are eco-friendly with less toxicological effects. This replacement can limit the toxic effect of nanoparticles when they get accumulated in high amounts in water bodies.