The Use of the Cohen‐Mansfield Agitation Inventory in the Assessment of Behavioral Disorders in Nursing Homes

Agitation in Dutch Institutionalized Patients with Dementia: Factor Analysis of the Dutch Version of the Cohen-Mansfield Agitation Inventory

“…CMAI-D items are rated on a 7-point scale (1-7) ranging from 'never' to 'several times an hour'. The CMAI has a well-established (test-retest and interrater) reliability [31,39] and (concurrent) validity [31] in both community samples [39] and in nursing home patients [31] . Preliminary data support construct validity of the CMAI-D in a mixed sample of demented and elderly psychiatric patients [34] .…”

“…However, some studies included a heterogeneous sample of patients with or without dementia [5,29,[32][33][34] . In both the original and other studies 3 factors were found: physical aggression, physically nonaggressive behavior and verbally agitated behavior [30,31,33] . Recent studies have proposed a 4-factor model, adding hoarding/hiding as another independent behavioral dimension [5,29] .…”

“…Three studies have evaluated the construct validity of the CMAI in institutionalized patients residing in nursing homes [30,31] . In the Netherlands, nursing home care can also be given in residential homes by means of complementary outreaching nursing home care.…”

Evaluation of the psychometric properties and the clinical feasibility of a Chinese version of the Doloplus-2 scale among cognitively impaired older people with communication difficulty

“…Higher scores mean higher severity of agitated behaviors; the internal consistency ranges from 0.63-0.82 and the inter-rater agreement rate ranges from 0.88-0.92. Factor analysis extracted three factors: aggressive behavior, physically non-aggressive behavior and verbally agitated behavior, which can explain the 37.9% variance (Cohen-Mansfield et al 1989, Miller et al 1995. In Taiwan, a study conducted by Lin et al (2007) …”

Anxiety in older adults with dementia residing in long-term care facilities.

“…The CMAI is a 29-item measure of agitated behaviors typically displayed by older adults with dementia residing in nursing homes and the community, including physically aggressive, physically nonaggressive, and verbally agitated behaviors (Miller, Snowdon, & Vaughan, 1995 A later study of the reliability and validity of the CMAI revealed higher levels of internal consistency, inter-rater reliability, and concurrent validity (Miller et aI., 1995).…”