The Use of the Fully-Grouted Method for Piezometer Installation

Contreras, Iván; Grosser, Aaron T.; Strate, Richard H. Ver

doi:10.1061/40940(307)67

Cited by 21 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…This technique has been available for some time, but recently has gained popularity (Mikkelsen and Green 2003;Contreras et al 2012). This method only applies to diaphragm piezometers (i.e., pressure sensors embedded on the ground) because only a small volume of water is required to activate the diaphragm on the sensors (Figure 5-43).…”

Section: Fully-grouted Methods (Also Known As Grouted-in Method)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This method allows for a simpler and easier installation, which results in a more reliable and cost-effective installation, while also enabling multiple piezometers within the same borehole without complex configuration. When using this method, the primary consideration should be adequate grout-mixing, the required cement-bentonite grout permeability, and the installation procedures in terms of quality control (Mikkelsen and Green 2003;Contreras et al 2007;Contreras et al 2012). …”

Section: Fully-grouted Methods (Also Known As Grouted-in Method)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Remote sensing and monitoring of earthen flood-control structures

Dunbar¹,

Galan-Comas²,

Walshire³

et al. 2017

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The purpose of this study was to identify and review technologies that are applicable in locating weaknesses and poor performance within floodcontrol structures from extreme loading events. The focus of this study was to assess current technologies and state-of-practice techniques involving remote sensing, testing, and real-time monitoring of earthen structures. Advancements in satellite and sensor technology combined with high-speed Internet and telecommunication capabilities and smart decision-making software permit real-time monitoring of earthen floodcontrol structures such as dams and levees.Technologies evaluated included both active and passive sensing methods. These technologies included satellite, airborne, and ground-based sensor systems to identify surface and subsurface characteristics of the watershed, as well as point sensors typically embedded in hydraulic structures to monitor the health of the structure. Point sensors typically record water loading, soil pore pressures, soil movements, and other important properties to evaluate global stability of the water control structure. Geophysical-based methods are typically used in mapping, monitoring, and detection of subsurface stratigraphy, seepage, and any changes in subsurface conditions through time within flood-control structures and their foundations.

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Section: Fully-grouted Methods (Also Known As Grouted-in Method)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Fully-grouted Methods (Also Known As Grouted-in Method)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Remote sensing and monitoring of earthen flood-control structures

Dunbar¹,

Galan-Comas²,

Walshire³

et al. 2017

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“…Once all the piezometers are inserted into their corresponding tips, we intend to study the variation of pore pressure with depth and with changes in soil strata. All the nested filter tips were installed in fully grouted boreholes (Contreras et al 2008;Mikkelsen and Green 2003;McKenna 1995), without using a sand pack and bentonite seal. We have performed laboratory tests comparing the performance of piezometers installed in the traditional sand pack and bentonite seal method with piezometers installed via the fully grouted method.…”

Section: Full-scale Deploymentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To make the grout mix used for the boreholes and pits, cement was added to a barrel of water in a fixed water:cement ratio of 2.6:1 kg (Mikkelsen and Green 2003;Contreras et al 2008;McKenna 1995). Bentonite was added till a thick creamy mix of pancake batter consistency was obtained.…”

Section: Full-scale Deploymentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We followed some of the newer methods in the deployment of piezometers and soil-strain probes. We deployed nests of five to eight removable piezometers in fully grouted boreholes as suggested in more recent literature (Contreras et al 2008;Mikkelsen and Green 2003;McKenna 1995). Furthermore, we designed soil-strain probes as described by Ochiai et al (2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The deployment of deep-earth sensor probes for landslide detection

Ramesh

Vasudevan

2011

Landslides

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In this paper, we present a state-of-the-art wireless sensor network (WSN) of deep-earth probes (DEPs) that has been deployed to monitor an active landslide in the Western Ghats mountain range of South India. While India has one of the highest incidences of landslides and landslide-induced fatalitiesprimarily in the Himalayas of North India and in the Western Ghats of Central and South India-our study is perhaps the first comprehensive attempt to instrumentally detect landslides in the Western Ghats. Wireless networks have enabled us, since June 2009, to continuously monitor the deployment site in real time and from anywhere around the globe. There have been a few earlier landslide monitoring WSNs using accelerometers in Emilia Romagna Apennines, Italy; global navigation satellite system (GNSS) sensors to monitor the Hornbergl landslide, Austria; and vibrating wire stress sensors to monitor a slope in China. We improved upon these WSN systems by incorporating a variety of sensors-piezometers, dielectric moisture sensors, strain gauges, tiltmeters, a geophone, and a weather station-and installing some of these sensors as deep as 20 m below the ground surface. We present the salient aspects of the field deployment of DEPs: the selection of sensors and their incorporation in DEPs, the methodology we used in embedding these DEPs into the soil, and a few of the key aspects of the wireless sensor network. We also present a description of the deployment site and some of the results of geotechnical investigations carried out on borehole corings. Finally, we present the more interesting field data collected from the monitoring system during a rainy season in July and August 2009.

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A multiscale approach to determine hydraulic conductivity in thick claystone aquitards using field, laboratory, and numerical modeling methods

Smith

Barbour

Hendry

et al. 2016

Water Resources Research

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Characterizing the hydraulic conductivity (K) of aquitards is difficult due to technical and logistical difficulties associated with field‐based methods as well as the cost and challenge of collecting representative and competent core samples for laboratory analysis. The objective of this study was to produce a multiscale comparison of vertical and horizontal hydraulic conductivity (Kv and Kh, respectively) of a regionally extensive Cretaceous clay‐rich aquitard in southern Saskatchewan. Ten vibrating wire pressure transducers were lowered into place at depths between 25 and 325 m, then the annular was space was filled with a cement‐bentonite grout. The in situ Kh was estimated at the location of each transducer by simulating the early‐time pore pressure measurements following setting of the grout using a 2‐D axisymmetric, finite element, numerical model. Core samples were collected during drilling for conventional laboratory testing for Kv to compare with the transducer‐determined in situ Kh. Results highlight the importance of scale and consideration of the presence of possible secondary features (e.g., fractures) in the aquitard. The proximity of the transducers to an active potash mine (∼1 km) where depressurization of an underlying aquifer resulted in drawdown through the aquitard provided a unique opportunity to model the current hydraulic head profile using both the Kh and Kv estimates. Results indicate that the transducer‐determined Kh estimates would allow for the development of the current hydraulic head distribution, and that simulating the pore pressure recovery can be used to estimate moderately low in situ Kh (<10−11 m s−1).

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The Use of the Fully-Grouted Method for Piezometer Installation

Cited by 21 publications

References 4 publications

Remote sensing and monitoring of earthen flood-control structures

Remote sensing and monitoring of earthen flood-control structures

The deployment of deep-earth sensor probes for landslide detection

A multiscale approach to determine hydraulic conductivity in thick claystone aquitards using field, laboratory, and numerical modeling methods

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