The use of the simplified International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5) as a diagnostic tool to study the prevalence of erectile dysfunction

Rhoden, Ernani Luı́s; Telöken, Cláudio; Sogari, Paulo Roberto; Souto, Carlos Ary Vargas

doi:10.1038/sj.ijir.3900859

Cited by 385 publications

(280 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…It contained 5 questions, with answers scored from 0 to 5 points and summed to a total score on a 25-point scale. ED was diagnosed if the total score in the questionnaire was ≤21 points (16, 17). None of the patients reported taking phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) in order to improve sexual function.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heart rate recovery, cardiac rehabilitation and erectile dysfunction in males with ischaemic heart disease

Kałka

Domagała²,

Rusiecki³

et al. 2015

Anatol J Cardiol

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Objective:Heart rate recovery (HRR) is a recognised marker used in clinical practice for assessing the risk of sudden cardiac death. Physical exercise leads to an improvement in HRR and has a proven beneficial effect on erection quality (EQ) related to the activity of the autonomic nervous system in men with ischaemic heart disease (IHD). This paper evaluates the relationship between HRR and EQ in patients with IHD and erectile dysfunction (ED) who underwent cardiac rehabilitation.Methods:The main analysis was based on the Mann–Whitney U test, Wilcoxon signed-rank test, Spearman correlation coefficient, Pearson’s chi-square test, chi-square test, with the Yates correction and (if possible) parametric tests were used. This prospective, non-randomised intervention study included 124 men with IHD and ED [International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5) scores of ≤21]. Of these, 89 patients underwent a 6-month cardiac rehabilitation phase III programme, whereas 35 did not. The results of the participants’ total IIEF-5 scores and their HRR, demographic and clinical data were analysed.Results:The results of the 89 rehabilitated patients (mean age: 60.44±9.29 years) and 35 controls (mean age: 61.43±8.81 years) were analysed. In the rehabilitated patients, the mean baseline IIEF-5 score was 13.15±5.76 (95% CI: 11.93–14.36) and HRR was 16.49±7.68/min (95% CI: 14.88–18.11). After cardiac rehabilitation, the parameters of ED and HRR improved significantly and were significantly higher than those of the controls; the mean IIEF-5 score of the rehabilitated group increased to 15.36±6.51 (95% CI: 13.99–16.73), while HRR increased to 21.40±7.25/min (95% CI: 19.88–22.93). A significant correlation was found between ∆HRR and ∆EQ (r=0.409791) as a result of the 6-month cardiac training programmeConclusion:Cardiac rehabilitation assessed by HRR has a sizable effect on autonomic balance in patients with IHD and ED, which plays a significant role in the mechanism of erection improvement.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heart rate recovery, cardiac rehabilitation and erectile dysfunction in males with ischaemic heart disease

Kałka

Domagała²,

Rusiecki³

et al. 2015

Anatol J Cardiol

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“…The cutoff of the test is 50 ng ml À1 of THC. Inclusion criteria were: presence of ED from at least 3 months as assessed by the administration of the International Index of Erectile Function-5 (IIEF5) 11 and age o40 years. Exclusion criteria were: diabetes, hypertension, psychiatric, neurological or hormonal alterations and continuative use of any pharmacological therapy.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early endothelial dysfunction as a marker of vasculogenic erectile dysfunction in young habitual cannabis users

et al. 2008

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Aim of the study was to evaluate whether endothelial dysfunction is a marker of erectile dysfunction (ED) in recreational drug abuse. Sixty-four non-consecutive men complaining of ED from at least 3 months were included. All patients underwent detailed history about recreational drug abuse and were then submitted to dynamic penile duplex ultrasound (PDU). According to pharmaco-stimulated peak systolic velocity (PSV) cutoff at 35 cm s À1 , patients were divided into two groups: organic (O; n ¼ 30) and non-organic (NO; n ¼ 34) ED. All subjects and 7 healthy age-matched subjects as controls, underwent veno-occlusive plethysmography (VOP) for the evaluation of endothelium-dependent dilatation of brachial arteries. Blood pressure, total and free testosterone, prolactin, estradiol, low-density lipoprotein and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol were also evaluated; patients were classified with regard to insulin resistance through the HOMA-IR index. Cannabis smoking was more frequent in O-ED vs NO-ED (78% vs 3%, Po0.001) in the absence of any concomitant risk factor or comorbidity for ED. VOP studies revealed impaired endotheliumdependent vasodilatation in O-ED but not in NO-ED and controls (12±6 vs 32±4 and 34 ± 5 ml min À1 , respectively; P ¼ 0.003). Overall patients showed a direct relationship between HOMA-IR and PSV (r 2 ¼ 0.47, Po0.0001), which was maintained in men with organic ED (r 2 ¼ 0.62, Po0.0001). In cannabis consumers, a direct relationship between HOMA-IR and VOP was also found (r 2 ¼ 0.74, Po0.0001). Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis revealed that VOP values below 17.22 ml min À1 were suggestive for vasculogenic ED. We conclude that early endothelial damage may be induced by chronic cannabis use (and endocannabinoid system activation); insulin resistance may be the hallmark of early endothelial dysfunction and may concur to determine vascular ED in the absence of obesity. Further studies are warranted to establish a direct relationship between cannabis abuse, onset of insulin resistance and development of vascular ED.

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“…The International Prostate Symptom Scale (IPSS) is a series of questions used to assess the severity of irritative (frequency, urgency, nocturia) and obstructive LUTSs (incomplete emptying, intermittency, weak stream, straining), attributable to bladder outlet obstruction caused by prostatic enlargement. 19 Symptoms are classified as mild (score 0-7), moderate (8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19) or severe (20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34)(35).…”

Section: Questionnairesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…17 Each question is marked on a 5-point scale (1 ¼ lowest, 5 ¼ highest) and the sum of points was the IIEF-5 score (maximum 25 points). ED was defined as a score of p21.…”

Section: Questionnairesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of a low-energy diet on sexual function and lower urinary tract symptoms in obese men

et al. 2010

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Objective: Abdominal obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus are associated with erectile and urinary dysfunction in men. The extent to which sexual function and lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTSs) are improved by weight loss remains unclear. Subjects: We compared the effects of 8 weeks of a low-calorie diet using meal replacements (Kicstart) on insulin sensitivity, plasma testosterone levels, erectile function (measured by the five-item version of the International Index of Erectile Function, IIEF-5), sexual desire (measured by the Sexual Desire Inventory, SDI) and LUTS (measured by the International Prostate Symptom Score, IPSS), in abdominally obese (body mass index X30 kg m À2 , waist circumference (WC) X102 cm) men (mean age 49.7 years) with uncomplicated diet or oral hypoglycemic-treated type 2 diabetes mellitus (n ¼ 19) or without type 2 diabetes mellitus (n ¼ 25), with a control group of nondiabetic men (n ¼ 26) with similar body mass index and WC. Results: Weight loss of B10% was significantly associated with increased insulin sensitivity, plasma testosterone levels, IIEF-5 and SDI scores, as well as reduced WC and IPSS scores, in diabetic as well as nondiabetic men. The degree of weight loss was significantly associated with improvements in plasma testosterone levels (r ¼ À0.34), erectile function (r ¼ À0.26) and LUTS (r ¼ 0.65). Reduction in LUTS was significantly associated with increased plasma testosterone (r ¼ À0.35), erectile function (r ¼ À0.42) and sexual desire (r ¼ À0.40). Conclusions: Diet-induced weight loss significantly and rapidly improves sexual function, and reduces LUTS, in obese middleaged men with or without diabetes.

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The use of the simplified International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5) as a diagnostic tool to study the prevalence of erectile dysfunction

Cited by 385 publications

References 28 publications

Heart rate recovery, cardiac rehabilitation and erectile dysfunction in males with ischaemic heart disease

Heart rate recovery, cardiac rehabilitation and erectile dysfunction in males with ischaemic heart disease

Early endothelial dysfunction as a marker of vasculogenic erectile dysfunction in young habitual cannabis users

Effects of a low-energy diet on sexual function and lower urinary tract symptoms in obese men

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