The use of the Toxin Binding Inhibition (ToBI) test for the estimation of the potency of the diphtheria component of vaccines

Hendriksen, Coenraad; Gun, J.W.v.d.; Kreeftenberg, J.G.

doi:10.1016/0092-1157(89)90016-4

Cited by 12 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Each country undertook diphtheria anti-toxin testing (and also testing for mumps, measles, rubella and pertussis antibody) in a designated national laboratory. The assays were performed according to well described procedures [23,24,[30][31][32]. Finland, France and Germany used the Vero cell neutralization test ; the United Kingdom and Germany used double antigen delayed time resolved fluorescence immunoassay (DELFIA) ; The Netherlands used a toxinbinding inhibition test (ToBI) ; and Sweden used a single-antigen enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA).…”

Section: Testing and Standardizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The sero-epidemiology of diphtheria in Western Europe

Edmunds¹,

Pebody²,

Aggerback

et al. 2000

Epidemiol. Infect.

118

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Seven countries in Western Europe collected large, representative serum banks across the entire age range and tested them for diphtheria anti-toxin (sample size ranged from 2991 to 7715). Although a variety of assays were used, the results were all standardized to those of a reference laboratory and expressed in international units. The standardization process, and the availability of similar, large data sets allowed comparative analyses to be performed in which a high degree of confidence could be ascribed to observed epidemiological differences. The results showed that there were large differences in the proportion of adults with insufficient levels of protection amongst different countries. For instance, roughly 35% of 50- to 60-year-olds were found to be seronegative (titre < or = 0.01 IU/ml) in Finland compared with 70-75% in the United Kingdom. Furthermore, the proportion of seronegative adults would be expected to increase in some countries, notably Italy and the western part of Germany. In those countries with vaccination of military recruits there was a marked sex-related difference in the proportion of seropositive individuals. All countries have high levels of infant vaccine coverage (> 90%) but the accelerated schedule in the United Kingdom appears to result in lower anti-toxin titres than elsewhere. In Sweden, booster doses are not offered until 10 years of age which results in large numbers of children with inadequate levels of protection. Although the United Kingdom and Sweden both have higher proportions of seronegative children than elsewhere the likelihood of a resurgence of diphtheria in these countries seems remote.

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Section: Testing and Standardizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The sero-epidemiology of diphtheria in Western Europe

Edmunds¹,

Pebody²,

Aggerback

et al. 2000

Epidemiol. Infect.

118

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Instead, we used a binding assay (ELISA) to screen for antitetanus toxoid specific antibodies. It has been described previously however that TT specific antibodies selected through binding assays (ELISA) are functional as shown in a Toxin Binding Inhibition test (ToBI) and in in vivo TT challenge models in mice [43] [44]. Following selection of the antigen-specific clones the immunoglobulin genes can be retrieved from the clones.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antigen-Specific Monoclonal Antibodies Isolated from B Cells Expressing Constitutively Active STAT5

et al. 2011

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BackgroundFully human monoclonal antibodies directed against specific pathogens have a high therapeutic potential, but are difficult to generate.Methodology/Principal FindingsMemory B cells were immortalized by expressing an inducible active mutant of the transcription factor Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 5 (STAT5). Active STAT5 inhibits the differentiation of B cells while increasing their replicative life span. We obtained cloned B cell lines, which produced antibodies in the presence of interleukin 21 after turning off STAT5. We used this method to obtain monoclonal antibodies against the model antigen tetanus toxin.Conclusions/SignificanceHere we describe a novel and relatively simple method of immortalizing antigen-specific human B cells for isolation of human monoclonal antibodies. These results show that STAT5 overexpression can be employed to isolate antigen specific antibodies from human memory B cells.

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“…The ToBI test has been successfully used to determine diphtheria antitoxin in human and animal sera (Hendriksen et al 1989b, Hong & Hendriks 1999, Marcovistz et al 2002.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%