has resulted from the rising number of incidents of individual harm, violence, and community disruption that have occurred in and around these settings. This situation, in turn, has created a need to identify and better understand those factors with the potential to produce such negative outcomes, along with the practices that can be employed to minimize them. This study has been conducted in response to this need. This article begins by providing an overview of literature germane to: alcohol and drug use in public
IntroductionPressure from the broader community on key stakeholders (i.e., events and licensed venues, government at all levels, police, alcohol licensing bodies, crowd controller/security firms, and industry associations aligned to the area) involved in responding to the challenge of managing alcohol and drug use in event and venue settings has increased markedly in Australia in recent years. This increased pressure One of the major challenges of operating events and venues is that of managing attendee/patron alcohol and drug use. In the Australian context, a rising number of alcohol and drug-related incidents in and around these settings have resulted in a renewed focus on how these negative outcomes can be more effectively controlled. In order to aid those charged with the task of addressing this matterevent and venue managers, police, security firms, alcohol and drug regulatory bodies, and governments at all levels-this article seeks to identify those variables with the potential to impact this management issue. Further, it aims to provide the previously identified stakeholders with a deeper appreciation of the raft of practices that are currently in use, and potentially available to them, as they build responses to this challenge at the individual state, precinct, venue, or event level. The research approach used involved an extensive literature review and a series of in-depth interviews with key stakeholders across three states-New South Wales, Victoria, and Western Australia.