The Use of Tree Bark as a Passive Sampler for Polychlorinated Dibenzo- p -Dioxins and Furans

Abstract

The potential of using tree bark as a passive sampling medium for detection of Polychlorinated dibenzo-pdioxins and furans (PCDD/F) in an urban environment has been investigated. Bark samples ($ 30 g) were extracted with toluene using accelerated solvent extraction. Extracts were then cleaned up via a multi-bed silica column and a Florisil column followed by GC-MS/MS analysis. It is shown that PCDD/F are present in tree bark collected from sites close to a municipal waste incinerator, a crematorium, a hospital and a chemical incinerator. Furthermore, characteristic patterns for dioxin congeners were observed for the suspected emission sources.

Pulsed large volume injection gas chromatography coupled with electron-capture negative ionization quadrupole mass spectrometry for simultaneous determination of typical halogenated persistent organic pollutants

“…The target H-POPs and the 13 C-labeled and/or perdeuterated analogues used as internal standards are listed in Table 1.°All°native°and°1 3 C-labeled°standards°of PBDEs, PBB, PCBs, and HCB in nonane or iso-octane solutions were purchased from Cambridge Isotope Laboratories (CIL, Andover, MA); neat HCH standards were purchased from AccuStandard (New Haven, CT), while the D 6 -␣-HCH standard in cyclohexane solution was purchased from Dr. Ehrenstorfer GmbH (Augsburg, Germany). All standards were of at least 99% purity.…”

“…Generally, ECNI is significantly more sensitive, while EI is more selective for the low chlorinated PCBs, PBBs, and PBDEs [19 -21]. The use of 13 C-labeled analogues as internal standards under EI ensures reliable quantification compared with ECNI [22]. Recently, strategies have been developed with respect to the determination of PBDEs to overcome the limitations of each technique.…”

“…However, GC/MS is preferred now because absolute chromatographic separation for the individual analyte was difficult even if multidimensional GC was employed [10]. Several GC/MS methods have been established based on high-resolution magnetic-sector MS (HR-MS) [11], tandem MS (MS/MS) using an ion trap detector [12][13][14], or triple quadrupole analyzer [15] and time-of-flight MS (TOF-MS) [16], as well as lowresolution quadrupole MS (qMS) [17]. Obviously, HR-MS is the most powerful tool offering high selectivity with satisfactory sensitivity by virtue of its high ultimate resolving power and accurate mass measurement; nevertheless, nowadays only a few laboratories can afford this instrument.…”

“…9 [Br] Ϫ ), performing isotope dilution quantification of 39 PBDEs with low ng-pg mL Ϫ1 instrumental detection limits (IDLs). This study aimed to develop and validate a selective and sensitive method based on the simple and popular GC/ECNI-qMS by monitoring characteristic large m/z fragment ions and using 13 C-labeled and/or perdeuterated internal standards as well as employing a pulsed LVI (pLVI) technique for simultaneously determining the H-POPs at trace to ultra-trace levels in complex biological and environmental samples. We targeted 28 typical H-POPs, including five OCPs (␣, ␤, ␥, ␦-HCH, and HCB), 10 PCBs (PCB-28, 52, 101, 105, 118, 138, 153, 163, 180, and 209), one PBB (PBB-153), and 12 PBDEs (BDE-28, 47, 49, 66, 85, 99, 100, 138, 153, 154, 183, and 209) in this study.…”

An Active Sampler for Monitoring Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxins and Furans in Ambient Air

“…Passive air sampling techniques have been developed in recent years (Clarkson et al 2002;Wennrich et al 2002;Klanova et al 2006). Passive air samplers are based on the difference in chemical potential of the analytes between the sampled medium and the collection medium.…”