The use of ultra high-performance liquid chromatography for studying hydrolysis kinetics of CL-20 and related energetic compounds

Makarov, Alexey A.; LoBrutto, Rosario; Christodoulatos, Christos; Jerkovich, Anton D.

doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.05.157

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…A decrease in retention was observed for compounds with nitro groups (which contain a partial negative charge) when liophilic mobile phase additive such as hexafluorophosphate was used. [74] Sodium perchlorate was used as a liophilic additive to enhance the chromatographic selectivity for a forced degradation sample (see Figure 18). Base 1 and Base 2 were known base hydrolysis degradation products.…”

Section: Small Molecules and Peptidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Liophilic Mobile Phase Additives in Reversed Phase HPLC

Makarov

LoBrutto

Kazakevich

2008

Journal of Liquid Chromatography & Related Technologies

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The separation of basic compounds can be challenging and the use of inorganic mobile phase additives have been successfully used in chromatographic methods development. About fifteen years ago the role of these additives as ioninteraction agents for selectively adjusting retention of ionic analytes was discovered and the theory of chaotropicity was applied to reversed phase chromatography. In the last ten years the studies of the influence of these counterions on the retention of ionizable analytes and the interaction with the stationary phase in various hydro-organic eluents has expanded our knowledge of this phenomenon.The general view and understanding of the process have been significantly updated and the use of these ionic additives (liophilic ions) in the mobile phase has become regular practice in the pharmaceutical industry for optimization and fine tuning of complex separations. This paper reviews the latest developments in the field and discusses the modification and expansion of our theoretical understanding of the process. The paper also describes their application in practical separations for a wide variety of analytes, from small molecules to peptides and even chiral separations.

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Section: Small Molecules and Peptidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Liophilic Mobile Phase Additives in Reversed Phase HPLC

Makarov

LoBrutto

Kazakevich

2008

Journal of Liquid Chromatography & Related Technologies

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“…Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) has recently been a favorite among the researchers because of its effectiveness for compound separation. Makarov et al used UHPLC equipped with photodiode array detector to study the hydrolysis kinetics of 2,4,6,8,10,12-hexanitro-2,4,6,8,10,12 hexaazaisowurtzitane (CL-20), octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine (HMX), and hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX) [85]. By using liophilic salts (KPF6) as mobile-phase additives, the study obtained a good range detection limit of CL-20, HMX and RDX at range of 0.04-0.05 mg/L.…”

Section: High Performance Liquid Chromatographymentioning

confidence: 99%

Untitled

2017

MJAS

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The growing threat of terrorism activities has caused an urgent need of improved forensic explosive analysis. Complex matrices, limited samples, and ambiguous interpretations serve as challenges for a forensic chemist in order to link the evidence to the perpetrator of the crime. This review focuses on three aspects namely screening techniques, extraction techniques, and instrumental techniques. For the screening techniques, this review focuses on fast detection based on chemical respond for preand post-explosion residues. Different types of extraction methods including swabbing technique, solid phase extraction, and solid phase microextraction were discussed. Instrumental techniques covered in this review included gas chromatography, high performance liquid chromatography, ion chromatography and capillary electrophoresis. AbstrakPeningkatan ancaman aktiviti keganasan telah membawa kesedaran akan perlunya penambahbaikan dalam analisis forensik. Matriks sampel yang kompleks, sampel terhad dan penafsiran yang tidak jelas menjadi satu cabaran dalam bidang kimia forensik untuk mengaitkan antara bahan bukti dan pelaku jenayah. Ulasan ini akan memberi tumpuan kepada tiga bahagian iaitu teknik saringan, teknik pengekstrakan dan teknik instrumen. Untuk kaedah saringan, kajian ini akan memberi tumpuan kepada pengesanan pantas residu letupan berdasarkan tindak balas kimia untuk sebelum dan selepas letupan. Pelbagai jenis kaedah pengekstrakan dibincangkan termasuk teknik sapuan, pengekstrakan fasa pepejal, dan pengekstrakan fasa pepejal mikro. Teknik peralatan yang akan dibincangkan dalam ulasan ini pula melibatkan kromatografi gas, kromatografi cecair berprestasi tinggi, kromatografi ion dan elektroforesis rerambut.

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“…The newly developed caged nitramine HNIW (hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane,CL-20) is a potential high energy compound . It has four distinct polymorphs (α, β, γ, and ε) at ambient conditions, among which ε-HNIW is used as an explosive which has higher energetic density than mono cyclic nitramine compounds such as HMX and RDX, and is the preferred form for use in solid propellants and explosives [1,2]. However, its relatively higher sensitivity and poor processing properties restrain it from direct applications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of Waterborne Polyurethane for Coating on HNIW

Liao

Luo

Sun

et al. 2011

AMR

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The waterborne polyurethane (WPU) was synthesized from isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI), polypropylene glycol (PPG), dimethylolpropionic acid (DMPA) and 1,4-butanediol (BDO) under acetone reflux. The cast films obtained from it were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The curve of DSC presented a bimodal profile. It showed that the waterborne polyurethane resin degraded obviously at about 305°C and 381°C, which was an endothermic course. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrographs revealed that hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane (HNIW) was coated with waterborne polyurethane by means of water volatilization. The impact sensitivity experimental results indicated that the characteristic height H50 of HNIW coated with waterborne polyurethane increased from 25.1cm to 34.2cm. That is, the waterborne polyurethane can decrease the impact sensitivity of HNIW.

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The use of ultra high-performance liquid chromatography for studying hydrolysis kinetics of CL-20 and related energetic compounds

Cited by 10 publications

References 30 publications

Liophilic Mobile Phase Additives in Reversed Phase HPLC

Liophilic Mobile Phase Additives in Reversed Phase HPLC

Untitled

Synthesis of Waterborne Polyurethane for Coating on HNIW

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