The use of vetiver (Vetiveria zizanioides L.) for the remediation of wastewater discharged from tapioca factories

Abstract

Three experiments were conducted to study the potential use of vetiver (Vetiveria zizanioides L.) to remediate wastewater discharged from a tapioca factory. Two experiments studied the tolerance of vetiver to grow in wastewater, and the other studied the factors influencing the effectiveness of vetiver for the remediation of the wastewater. Vetiver grew well in all wastewater preparations and was able to improve wastewater quality. However, the efficacy of remediation was a function of the remediation system used (wetland or hydroponic) and the density of the plants at the start of the remediation. Vetiver remediation was more efficient in a wetland system. To achieve the water quality standard of the East Java Province, wastewater could be remediated within 30 days using a plant density of approximately 86 g dry biomass=1256 cm 2 at the time of starting the remediation, the equivalent of 6.85 t=ha.

Phytoremediating Batik Wastewater Using Vetiver Chrysopogon zizanioides (L)

“…4). These results are consistent with previous research using 50% tapioca waste, and Chrysopogon zizanioides L. growth was higher than other levels of tapioca waste (0, 60, 70, 80, 90, and 100%) [26]. The same results were also shown by [27] on coconut husk waste and research of [24] using secondary palm oil waste, as well as automobile waste with a wetlands system [28].…”

“…Average water quality parameter at each treatment at 100% tapioca waste. Research of [26] indicated that growth in PL50 showed RGR values approaching PL0 and was greater than that of PL75 and PL100. This is likely caused by the concentration of Cr in PL0 lower than the concentration of Cr in the PL75 and PL100.…”

Tofu wastewater treatment using vetiver grass (Vetiveria zizanioides) and zeliac

“…Therefore the process of organic substance decomposition presumably lasts more effective than any other plants. Some studies suggest that V. zizanioides is used for the processing of organic wastewater from tapioca factory (Indrayatie et al 2013), study using vetiver plantlets on floating platform with 1 3 2 Page 2 of 6 aeration to degrade phenol in illegally dumped industrial wastewater (Phenrat et al 2017), total organic pollution and tetracycline waste (Datta et al 2013), as well as organic waste with floating wetlands (Chua et al 2012). In addition, V. zizanioides and tilapia have an excellent performance when they are cultivated with aquaponics system (Effendi et al 2015a).…”

Response Surface Method Application in Tofu Production Liquid Waste Treatment

“…Chrysopogon zizanioides is a water-based land plant which is capable of absorbing soluble nutrients such as N and P and is able to accumulate heavy metals [15]. C. zizanioides has been widely utilized for waste treatment in contaminated environments of heavy metals [16], organic wastewater of tapioca factories [17], Tetracycline (TC) wastes in the antibiotic industry [18]. This plant is also capable of being applied to the aquaponic system [19].…”