The Use of Waste Biomass from the Wood Industry and Municipal Sources for Energy Production

Abstract

Biomass can be used for the production of energy from renewable sources. Because of social resistance to burning crop plants, mixtures and pellets made from or including waste materials are a good alternative. The mixtures analyzed, prepared from wood and municipal waste, were characterized for their calorific values, 7.4–18.2 MJ·kg−1. A result, over 15 MJ·kg−1 was obtained for 47% of the quantities of mixtures being composed. It has been demonstrated that wood shavings and sewage sludge have a stabilizing effect on the durability of pellets. The emissions of acidic anhydrides into the atmosphere from the combustion of pellets from waste biomass were lower for NO, NO2, NOx and H2S than emissions from the combustion of willow pellets. Obtained emission results suggest the need to further optimize the combustion process parameters.

Socio-Environmental Vulnerability Assessment for Sustainable Management

“…How will demographic change, particularly in an aging society, affect social and environmental resilience [33]? How should we supply ourselves with energy [34][35][36]? How should we shape our transport systems [37]?…”

The Use of Plant Biomass Pellets for Energy Production by Combustion in Dedicated Furnaces

“…The main combustion parameters were as follows: incineration temperature 800 • C, air flow 20 m 3 ·h −1 , mass fuel consumed 1.5 kg·h −1 , exhaust gas temperature 141-162 • C, exhaust gas mass flow 30 g·s −1 , O 2 in exhaust gas 11-14%, maximum operating temperature 90 • C, maximum operating pressure 2.5 bar, pellet residual moisture 8-9%, and ash production 3.84% of the pellet mass [31,32].…”

Characteristics of agro and wood biomass combustion in the stream of inert material

“…It seems that coal fuels will remain an important element of their economies for at least several dozen years [3]. However, a key policy solution to mitigate climate change is to increase renewable energy production [4]. The renewable energy market is expected to grow dynamically in the near future, and play a significant role in the world© s future energy mix.…”

“…There are three main thermochemical pathways, such as direct combustion [11,12], gasification [13], and pyrolysis [14]. Until now, mainly biomass from forest origin (residue after logging and wood processing up to 27% of wood mass) was used for energy purposes [4,15]. However, along with the growing demand, the non-wood biomass market developed -originating, among others, from agricultural crops, energy plantations.…”