The use of wearable technology as an assessment tool to identify between-limb differences during functional tasks following ACL reconstruction. A scoping review

Marques, Joao B.; Auliffe, Seán Mc; Thompson, Athol; Sideris, Vasileios; Santiago, Paulo Roberto Pereira; Read, Paul

doi:10.1016/j.ptsp.2022.01.004

Cited by 11 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…54 Still, reviews of wearable technology in health care indicate a growing trend, especially for sports medicine and rehabilitation. 6,37,43,47 This scoping review demonstrates the versatility of wearable technologies in monitoring the external workloads of patients with ACLR. The primary activity assessed in the studies was ADL, although a limited number of activities such as rehabilitation, training, and competitions in sports were also present.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…∥ A recent review of wearable technologies used to identify between-limb deficits during functional tasks after ACLR indicated that wearable technology has the potential to identify patients’ kinetic and kinematic deficits. 37 The review included movement assessments of balance, gait via walking or running, change of direction, jumping, and landing. 37 Further development and validation of these wearable technology–enhanced assessments are critical for clinicians facing barriers using the current return-to-sport testing recommendations, especially clinical or laboratory-based assessments.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Monitoring External Workload With Wearable Technology After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: A Scoping Review

Golberg,

Pinkoski,

Beaupre

et al. 2023

Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine

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Background: Current sports medicine and rehabilitation trends indicate an increasing use of wearable technology. The ability of these devices to collect, transmit, and process physiological, biomechanical, bioenergy, and environmental data may aid in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) workload monitoring and return-to-sport decision-making. In addition, their ease of use allows assessments to occur outside the clinical or laboratory settings and across a broader timeline. Purpose: To (1) determine how wearable technology can assess external workload deficits between limbs (involved and uninvolved) and between groups (healthy controls vs patients with ACLR) during physical activity (PA) or sport and (2) describe the types of sensors, sensor specifications, assessment protocols, outcomes of interest, and participant characteristics from the included studies. Study Design: Scoping review; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: In February 2023, a systematic search was performed in the MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, SPORTDiscus, Scopus, IEEE Xplore, Compendex, and ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global databases. Eligible studies included assessments of PA or sports workloads via wearable technology after ACLR. Results: Twenty articles met eligibility criteria and were included. The primary activity assessed was activities of daily living, although rehabilitation, training, and competition were also represented. Accelerometers, global positioning system units, pedometers, and pressure sensor insoles were worn to collect external workload data, which was quantified as kinetic, kinematic, and temporospatial data. Daily steps (count) and moderate to vigorous PA (min/day or week) were the most common units of measurement. A limited number of studies included outcomes related to between-limb asymmetries. Conclusion: The findings of this scoping review highlight the versatility of wearable technologies to collect patients’ kinetic, kinematic, and temporospatial data and assess external workload outcomes after ACLR. In addition, some wearable technologies identified deficits in workload compared with healthy controls and between reconstructed and unaffected limbs.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Monitoring External Workload With Wearable Technology After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: A Scoping Review

Golberg,

Pinkoski,

Beaupre

et al. 2023

Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine

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“…In our manuscript, we also characterize depth cameras and RGB cameras. Also, prior reviews either did not specifically focus on ACL injury 30 , 36 – 38 , or were focused on a specific aspect of sensor performance such as asymmetry identification 39 . No study has comprehensively reviewed the utility of portable sensing in ACL-related assessment, and thus the ideal methods to use, which clinically relevant parameters to assess, and at what point in the clinical workflow they should be employed remain unclear.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A scoping review of portable sensing for out-of-lab anterior cruciate ligament injury prevention and rehabilitation

et al. 2023

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Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury and ACL reconstruction (ACLR) surgery are common. Laboratory-based biomechanical assessment can evaluate ACL injury risk and rehabilitation progress after ACLR; however, lab-based measurements are expensive and inaccessible to most people. Portable sensors such as wearables and cameras can be deployed during sporting activities, in clinics, and in patient homes. Although many portable sensing approaches have demonstrated promising results during various assessments related to ACL injury, they have not yet been widely adopted as tools for out-of-lab assessment. The purpose of this review is to summarize research on out-of-lab portable sensing applied to ACL and ACLR and offer our perspectives on new opportunities for future research and development. We identified 49 original research articles on out-of-lab ACL-related assessment; the most common sensing modalities were inertial measurement units, depth cameras, and RGB cameras. The studies combined portable sensors with direct feature extraction, physics-based modeling, or machine learning to estimate a range of biomechanical parameters (e.g., knee kinematics and kinetics) during jump-landing tasks, cutting, squats, and gait. Many of the reviewed studies depict proof-of-concept methods for potential future clinical applications including ACL injury risk screening, injury prevention training, and rehabilitation assessment. By synthesizing these results, we describe important opportunities that exist for clinical validation of existing approaches, using sophisticated modeling techniques, standardization of data collection, and creation of large benchmark datasets. If successful, these advances will enable widespread use of portable-sensing approaches to identify ACL injury risk factors, mitigate high-risk movements prior to injury, and optimize rehabilitation paradigms.

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“…Recently developed wireless wearable sensors known as inertial measurement units (IMUs) are a portable, relatively low-cost alternative to optical motion capture for studying lower limb kinematics outside of the lab setting [ 3 , 4 , 5 ]. These sensors have been applied to sports kinematics analysis in many ways [ 6 ], including injury risk assessment in healthy subjects [ 7 ] and functional evaluation in a clinical setting following an ACL injury [ 8 ]. IMUs contain a three-dimensional (3D) accelerometer, gyroscope, and magnetometer, and the motion of the IMUs can be tracked over time through the integration of the acceleration and angular velocity signals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inertial Measurement Unit Sensor-to-Segment Calibration Comparison for Sport-Specific Motion Analysis

Ekdahl,

Loewen,

Erdman

et al. 2023

Sensors

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Wearable inertial measurement units (IMUs) can be utilized as an alternative to optical motion capture as a method of measuring joint angles. These sensors require functional calibration prior to data collection, known as sensor-to-segment calibration. This study aims to evaluate previously described sensor-to-segment calibration methods to measure joint angle range of motion (ROM) during highly dynamic sports-related movements. Seven calibration methods were selected to compare lower extremity ROM measured using IMUs to an optical motion capture system. The accuracy of ROM measurements for each calibration method varied across joints and sport-specific tasks, with absolute mean differences between IMU measurement and motion capture measurement ranging from <0.1° to 24.1°. Fewer significant differences were observed at the pelvis than at the hip, knee, or ankle across all tasks. For each task, one or more calibration movements demonstrated non-significant differences in ROM for at least nine out of the twelve ROM variables. These results suggest that IMUs may be a viable alternative to optical motion capture for sport-specific lower-extremity ROM measurement, although the sensor-to-segment calibration methods used should be selected based on the specific tasks and variables of interest for a given application.

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The use of wearable technology as an assessment tool to identify between-limb differences during functional tasks following ACL reconstruction. A scoping review

Cited by 11 publications

References 63 publications

Monitoring External Workload With Wearable Technology After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: A Scoping Review

Monitoring External Workload With Wearable Technology After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: A Scoping Review

A scoping review of portable sensing for out-of-lab anterior cruciate ligament injury prevention and rehabilitation

Inertial Measurement Unit Sensor-to-Segment Calibration Comparison for Sport-Specific Motion Analysis

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