The Usefulness of Motor Potentials Evoked Transvertebrally at Lumbar Levels for the Evaluation of Peroneal Nerve Regeneration after Experimental Repair in Rats

Czarnecki, Piotr; Huber, Juliusz; Szukała, Agnieszka; Górecki, M; Romanowski, Leszek

doi:10.3390/jpm13030438

Cited by 5 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…The neurophysiological method used in this study with the recording from nerves avoided the muscle stretch-related artifacts that could influence the precision of measurements of the MEP amplitudes and latencies, as well as the animals' temperature. Moreover, such an approach diminished the possible risk of the applied anesthetics on the release of acetylcholine at the level of the neuromuscular junction, which could have been a source of false negative or positive results [30,37,38]. Thus, we have verified the hypotheses included in the study aims.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 61%

“…According to descriptions of Hovey and Jalinous [29], the coil with a diameter of 10-14 cm induces the greatest magnetic field strength at 660 V/m in the range from 2.2 to 2.7 T. In this study, the magnetic stimulation strength was defined as the percentage of maximal output. In most experiments on the rodents, this strength ranges from 30 to 70% [30]. This study used minimally invasive single magnetic stimuli, which means that their strength was adjusted to elicit MEP potentials with supramaximal amplitudes while minimizing movement artifacts for the stimulated objects that could affect the recording conditions.…”

Section: Electrophysiological Recordingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Temporary Occlusion of Common Carotid Arteries Does Not Evoke Total Inhibition in the Activity of Corticospinal Tract Neurons in Experimental Conditions

Szymankiewicz-Szukała

Huber

Czarnecki

et al. 2023

Biomedicines

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Temporary occlusion of the common cervical artery is the reason for ischemic stroke in 25% of patients. Little data is provided on its effects, especially regarding neurophysiological studies verifying the neural efferent transmission within fibers of the corticospinal tract in experimental conditions. Studies were performed on 42 male Wistar rats. In 10 rats, ischemic stroke was evoked by permanent occlusion of the right carotid artery (group A); in 11 rats, by its permanent bilateral occlusion (B); in 10 rats, by unilateral occlusion and releasing after 5 min (C); and in 11 rats, by bilateral occlusion and releasing after 5 min (D). Efferent transmission of the corticospinal tract was verified by motor evoked potential (MEP) recordings from the sciatic nerve after transcranial magnetic stimulation. MEPs amplitude and latency parameters, oral measurements of temperature, and verification of ischemic effects in brain slides stained with hematoxylin and eosin staining (H + E) were analyzed. In all groups of animals, the results showed that five minutes of uni- or bilateral occlusion of the common carotid artery led to alterations in brain blood circulation and evoked changes in MEP amplitude (by 23.2% on average) and latency parameters (by 0.7 ms on average), reflecting the partial inability of tract fibers to transmit neural impulses. These abnormalities were associated with a significant drop in the body temperature by 1.5 °C on average. Ten minutes occlusion in animals from groups A and B resulted in an MEP amplitude decrease by 41.6%, latency increase by 0.9 ms, and temperature decrease by 2.9 °C of the initial value. In animals from groups C and D, five minutes of recovery of arterial blood flow evoked stabilization of the MEP amplitude by 23.4%, latency by 0.5 ms, and temperature by 0.8 °C of the initial value. In histological studies, the results showed that ischemia was most prominent bilaterally in sensory and motor areas, mainly for the forelimb, rather than the hindlimb, innervation of the cortex, putamen and caudate nuclei, globulus pallidus, and areas adjacent to the fornix of the third ventricle. We found that the MEP amplitude parameter is more sensitive than the latency and temperature variability in monitoring the ischemia effects course following common carotid artery infarction, although all parameters are correlated with each other. Temporary five-minute lasting occlusion of common carotid arteries does not evoke total and permanent inhibition in the activity of corticospinal tract neurons in experimental conditions. The symptoms of rat brain infarction are much more optimistic than those described in patients after stroke, and require further comparison with the clinical observations.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 61%

Section: Electrophysiological Recordingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporary Occlusion of Common Carotid Arteries Does Not Evoke Total Inhibition in the Activity of Corticospinal Tract Neurons in Experimental Conditions

Szymankiewicz-Szukała

Huber

Czarnecki

et al. 2023

Biomedicines

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“…Examination of motor evoked potentials induced by magnetic fields was a valuable complement to the classically performed electrical stimulation. These studies prove a significant correlation between the results obtained using both stimulation methods [ 38 ]. Examination of this type can eliminate such problems as the close location of the stimulating electrode, additional stretching of the nerve at the site of its application, and disturbances resulting from direct muscle stimulation due to tissue conduction.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 71%

“…An additional new element not described in the available literature is oververtebral stimulation at the lumbar level with a magnetic coil. There are scarce descriptions of similar techniques [ 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 ]. We used the smallest available coil, with the parameters of the stimulating beam diameter <5 nm and penetrating the tissues from the point of surface stimulation at 3 cm and a stimulus strength of 70%.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

End-to-Side vs. Free Graft Nerve Reconstruction—Experimental Study on Rats

Czarnecki

Huber

Szymankiewicz-Szukała

et al. 2023

IJMS

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The long history of regeneration nerve research indicates many clinical problems with surgical reconstruction to be resolved. One of the promising surgical techniques in specific clinical conditions is end-to-side neurorrhaphy (ETS), described and then repeated with different efficiency in the 1990s of the twentieth century. There are no reliable data on the quality of recipient nerve regeneration, possible donor nerve damage, and epineural window technique necessary to be performed. This research attempts to evaluate the possible regeneration after end-to-side neurorrhaphy, its quality, potential donor nerve damage, and the influence of epineural windows on regeneration efficiency. Forty-five female Wistar rats were divided into three equal groups, and various surgical technics were applied: A—ETS without epineural window, B—ETS with epineural window, and C—free graft reconstruction. The right peroneal nerve was operated on, and the tibial nerve was selected as a donor. After 24 weeks, the regeneration was evaluated by (1) footprint analysis every two weeks with PFI (peroneal nerve function index), TFI (tibial nerve function index), and SFI (sciatic nerve function index) calculations; (2) the amplitude and latency measurements of motor evoked potentials parameters recorded on both sides of the peroneal and tibial nerves when electroneurography with direct sciatic nerve electrical stimulation and indirect magnetic stimulation were applied; (3) histomorphometry with digital conversion of a transverse semithin nerve section, with axon count, fibers diameter, and calculation of axon area with a semiautomated method were performed. There was no statistically significant difference between the groups investigated in all the parameters. The functional indexes stabilized after eight weeks (PFI) and six weeks (TFI and SFI) and were positively time related. The lower amplitude of tibial nerve potential in groups A and B was proven compared to the non-operated side. Neurophysiological parameters of the peroneal nerve did not differ significantly. Histomorphometry revealed significantly lower diameter and area of axons in operated peroneal nerves compared to non-operated nerves. The axon count was at a normal level in every group. Tibial nerve parameters did not differ from non-operated values. Regeneration of the peroneal nerve after ETS was ascertained to be at the same level as in the case of free graft reconstruction. Peroneal nerves after ETS and free graft reconstruction were ascertained to have a lower diameter and area than non-operated ones. The technique of an epineural window does not influence the regeneration result of the peroneal nerve. The tibial nerve motor evoked potentials were characterized by lower amplitudes in ETS groups, which could indicate axonal impairment.

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“…In conclusion, the journey towards personalized peripheral nerve surgery is characterized by innovation [ 13 , 14 ], collaboration [ 15 ], and a relentless pursuit of excellence. As we harness the power of novel diagnostic modalities and surgical innovations [ 16 ], we move closer to our ultimate goal, i.e., delivering precision care that is tailored to the unique needs of each patient.…”

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confidence: 99%