The uterine cervix in mammals

El-Banna, Amin A.; Hafez, E. S. E.

doi:10.1016/0002-9378(72)90544-3

Cited by 41 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…Mucus becomes less viscoelastic, and the penetration of sperm is facilitated. In contrast, under the influence of progesterone during the luteal phase, mucus turns into a highly viscoelastic structure which acts as a barrier to sperm and possible infections [El-Banna and Hafez, 1972;Carlstedt and Sheehan, 1989;Mullins and Saacke, 1989]. Nothing is known about changes in the quantity and quality of cervical mucus in marsupials.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…All species studied show that the height of the cervical epithelium reaches its peak during estrus and then undergoes various degrees of reduction in size and secretory activity at other phases of the cycle [El-Banna and Hafez, 1972;Tyndale-Biscoe and Renfree, 1987].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Differences can be noted in the anatomy of the orifices, the complexity of cervical foldings, the epithelial transition from uterus to cervix and the possible division of the cervical canal into an endo-, ecto-or exocervix [Jurow, 1943;El-Banna and Hafez, 1972;Hafez and Jasczak, 1972;Mossman, 1987;Mullins and Saacke, 1989;Kress and Mardi, 1992]. An endocervix is lined with a columnar to pseudostratified epithelium which comprises two cell types, secretory and ciliated cells.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Ultrastructural Changes in the Cervical Epithelium during the Estrous Cycle of the Marsupial <i>Monodelphis domestica</i> (Grey Short-Tailed Opossum)

Wick

Kress²

2002

Cells Tissues Organs

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Ultrastructural changes in the cervical epithelium related to the estrous cycle have been studied in the South American marsupial Monodelphis domestica. The two cervices protrude with prominent papillae into the sinus vaginalis. At times of simple columnar at others of more pseudostratified character consists of two types of cells, ciliated and secretory cells. The mucosal epithelium is uniform in its entire length and shows no division into an endo- and ectocervix. The mucosa of the cervix differs from the uterine endometrium. There are no glandular structures, but the luminal epithelium shows deep invaginations underlined by dense connective tissue. The most conspicuous changes include the height and the differentiation of the cervical epithelium which attains its maximum development during estrus, where secretory cells are fully packed with large secretory granules and ciliated cells are well developed. After extruding their granules, secretory cells may transform into ciliated cells, while ciliated cells show the phenomenon of deciliation in which cilia packets are shed into the cervical lumen. This transformation process takes place mainly during post- and metestrus. The presence of solitary cilia is only noticeable during pro-estrus, being in contrast to the uterine epithelium where they appear during the whole estrous cycle.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ultrastructural Changes in the Cervical Epithelium during the Estrous Cycle of the Marsupial <i>Monodelphis domestica</i> (Grey Short-Tailed Opossum)

Wick

Kress²

2002

Cells Tissues Organs

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“…While some of the studies mentioned above considered the uterine cervix only as an extension of the uterus, it has been shown that the cervix presents different histologic and functional properties [8][9][10][11]. The uterine cervix is a dynamic structure with a high capacity to adapt to different, even opposing, roles during the sequence of physiological events of gestation (acting as a barrier to retain the fetus during pregnancy and afterwards dilating to allow a normal delivery) and has differential biological responses to modifications to the hormonal milieu [12][13][14][15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cellular Turnover in the Rat Uterine Cervix and Its Relationship to Estrogen and Progesterone Receptor Dynamics1

Ramos

Varayoud

Bosquiazzo

et al. 2002

Biology of Reproduction

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Histoarchitectural changes of the uterine cervix allow its successful adaptation to different physiological conditions. In this study, we evaluated cell turnover in each cellular compartment of the uterine cervix in association with steroid hormone receptor expression in order to establish the range of physiological changes. Proliferation, apoptosis, and progesterone receptor (PR) and estrogen receptor alpha (ERalpha) expression were evaluated in cycling, pregnant, and postpartum rats. In estrus and diestrus II, ERalpha and PR expression exhibited variations according to the region evaluated. Proliferation and apoptosis showed a reciprocal pattern, the epithelium being the region with higher cell turnover. High apoptotic index (AI) in estrus was associated with the lowest ERalpha and the highest PR scores. During pregnancy, proliferation of the epithelium was the predominant event and AI was low. On Postpartum Day 1 (PPD1), proliferation decreased while apoptosis increased. As described for the estrous cycle, during pregnancy and PPD1, AI and ERalpha were negatively correlated. In the fibroblastic stroma, low proliferation was observed throughout pregnancy; however, there was a net increase in cell number because very few cells underwent apoptosis. No difference in ERalpha was observed in fibroblastic cells during pregnancy and postpartum; however, a great decrease of this receptor in the epithelial compartment was observed after delivery. Unlike cervical epithelium, PR was highly expressed in stromal cells. At term, a dramatic increase in epithelial PR was observed. While epithelial PR remained high on PPD1, a decrease was observed in muscle stroma. These results show that, in all stages studied, 1) ERalpha and PR have different patterns of expression with differential responses to signals that modulate proliferation and/or apoptosis depending on the cellular compartment, and 2) even though the epithelium is the region with the highest cell turnover, the fibroblastic and muscle stroma are active regions that have their own patterns of behavior.

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“…The cervix of the rat is approximately 0 5 cm in length and is of the semi-duplex type, communicating with the vagina through a single external os (Banna & Hafez, 1972). There is little smooth muscle near the external os, but there is a thick band of circular smooth muscle at each of the utero-cervical junctions (Harkness & Harkness, 1959).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Timing and Possible Mechanisms of Cervical Opening in the Oestrous Rat

Foulkes¹,

Bradshaw²,

Porter³

1982

Exp Physiol

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SUMMARYThe time that the retention of luminal fluid begins and its release from the uterus in pro-oestrous rats was determined precisely using a dye injection technique. Oestradiol was found to cause dye retention in ovariectomized rats when provided continuously from an implant of 5 mg. Injections of 0-5 ,ug/d x 4 were ineffective. Administration of progesterone to rats bearing implants of oestrogen interfered with the ability of the uterus to retain dye. Treatment with relaxin for 28 h prevented retention of dye in pro-oestrous rats whereas treatment at the time of dye injection was without effect. Mechanical stimulation of the cervix did not cause loss of injected dye. It is suggested that the mechanisms of opening of the cervix at coitus and at the end of oestrus may differ.

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The uterine cervix in mammals

Cited by 41 publications

References 68 publications

Ultrastructural Changes in the Cervical Epithelium during the Estrous Cycle of the Marsupial <i>Monodelphis domestica</i> (Grey Short-Tailed Opossum)

Ultrastructural Changes in the Cervical Epithelium during the Estrous Cycle of the Marsupial <i>Monodelphis domestica</i> (Grey Short-Tailed Opossum)

Cellular Turnover in the Rat Uterine Cervix and Its Relationship to Estrogen and Progesterone Receptor Dynamics1

The Timing and Possible Mechanisms of Cervical Opening in the Oestrous Rat

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